I-Hong Kong CityU EES: Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion eguquguqukayo ephefumulelwe amalunga abantu

Isizinda Socwaningo

Isidingo esandayo semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi sikhuthaze ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemishini yokugcina amandla eguquguqukayo futhi enamandla amakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Amabhethri e-lithium ion aguquguqukayo (ama-LIB) anokuminyana okuphezulu kwamandla nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-electrochemical athathwa njengobuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthembisa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi egqokekayo. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrode efilimu emincane nama-electrode asekelwe ku-polymer kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwe-LIB, kunezinkinga ezilandelayo:

(1) Amabhethri amaningi aguquguqukayo apakishwe "nge-electrode-negative-separator-positive electrode," futhi ukukhubazeka kwawo okulinganiselwe nokushelela phakathi kwezitaki zezendlalelo eziningi kuvimbela ukusebenza kukonke kwama-LIB;

(2) Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, njengokugoqa, ukwelula, ukusonga, kanye nokuguqulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhethri;

(3) Ingxenye yesu lokuklama ishaya indiva ukuguqulwa komqoqi wensimbi wamanje.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufeza i-engeli yayo yokugoba kancane, izindlela zokuguquguquka eziningi, ukuqina okuphakeme komshini, kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu kusabhekene nezinselele eziningi.

Isingeniso

Muva nje, uSolwazi Chunyi Zhi kanye noDkt. Cuiping Han we-City University yaseHong Kong bashicilele iphepha elinesihloko esithi "Idizayini yesakhiwo esiphefumulelwe esihlanganyelwe somuntu sebhethri eligobekayo/eligoqekayo/elinwebekayo/elisontekayo: ukufeza ukukhubazeka okuningi" ku-Energy Environ. Isayensi. Lo msebenzi ugqugquzelwe ukwakheka kwamalunga omuntu futhi waklama uhlobo lwama-LIB aguquguqukayo afana nesistimu ehlangene. Ngokusekelwe kulo mklamo wenoveli, ibhethri elilungisiwe, eliguquguqukayo lingafinyelela ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu futhi ligotshwe noma ligoqwe ku-180°. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kungashintshwa ngezindlela ezihlukile zokusonta ukuze ama-LIB aguquguqukayo abe namakhono acebile okuguqula, asetshenziswe ekugugekeni okunzima kakhulu nokuyinkimbinkimbi (ukusonta nokusonta), futhi kunganwetshwa, futhi amandla awo okuguqula ukwedlula imibiko yangaphambilini yama-LIB aguquguqukayo. Ukuhlaziywa kokulingisa kwesici esiphelile kuqinisekisile ukuthi ibhethri eliklanywe kuleli phepha ngeke libe nokushintshashintsha kwepulasitiki okungenakulungiseka komqoqi wensimbi wamanje ngaphansi kokonakala okuhlukahlukene nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhethri leyunithi yesikwele elihlanganisiwe lingafinyelela ukuminyana kwamandla afika ku-371.9 Wh/L, okungama-92.9% webhethri lephakethe elithambile elivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza komjikelezo ozinzile ngisho nangemva kwezikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-200,000 zokugoba okuguquguqukayo kanye nezikhathi ezingu-25,000 zokuhlanekezela okuguquguqukayo.

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lubonisa ukuthi i-cylindrical unit cell ehlanganisiwe ingakwazi ukumelana nokukhubazeka okunzima nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngemuva kokwelula okuguquguqukayo okungaphezu kuka-100,000, ukusonteka okungu-20,000, nokugoba okungu-100,000, isengakwazi ukuzuza umthamo ophezulu ongaphezu kuka-88%—izinga lokugcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ama-LIB aguquguqukayo ahlongozwayo kuleli phepha anikeza ithemba elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo kuma-electronics agqokekayo.

Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zokucwaninga

I-1) Ama-LIB aguquguqukayo, aphefumulelwe amalunga omuntu, angagcina ukusebenza komjikelezo ozinzile ngaphansi kokugoba, ukusonteka, ukunwebeka, nokusonta;

(2) Ngebhethri eliguquguqukayo eliyisikwele, lingakwazi ukufinyelela ukuminyana kwamandla afika ku-371.9 Wh/L, okungu-92.9% webhethri le-soft-pack evamile;

(3) Izindlela ezihlukene zokusonta zingashintsha ukuma kwesitaki sebhethri futhi zinikeze ibhethri ukukhubazeka okwanele.

Umhlahlandlela wesithombe

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa umthamo omkhulu wamandla kanye nokuguqulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kufanele futhi kugweme ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki komqoqi wamanje. Ukulingiswa kwesici esinqunyelwe kubonisa ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yesiqoqi samanje kufanele kube ukuvimbela umqoqi wamanje ekubeni nerediyasi encane yokugoba phakathi nenqubo yokugoba ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki kanye nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka womqoqi wamanje.

Umfanekiso 1a ubonisa ukwakheka kwamalunga omuntu, lapho umklamo ongaphezulu ogobile ngokukhaliphile usiza amalunga ukuthi ajikeleze kahle. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, Umfanekiso 1b ubonisa i-anode ye-graphite anode/diaphragm/lithium cobaltate (LCO), engafakwa esakhiweni sesitaki esiyisikwele. Kumahlukana ndlela, iqukethe izitaki ezimbili eziwugqinsi eziqinile kanye nengxenye eguqukayo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isitaki esiwugqinsi sinendawo egobile elingana nesembozo samathambo esihlanganyelwe, esiza ukucindezela kwebhafa futhi sinikeze umthamo oyinhloko webhethri eliguquguqukayo. Ingxenye enwebekayo isebenza njenge-ligament, ixhuma izitaki eziwugqinsi futhi inikeze ukuguquguquka (Umfanekiso 1c). Ngaphezu kokugoqa abe yinqwaba yesikwele, amabhethri anamaseli angama-cylindrical noma ama-triangular angabuye enziwe ngokushintsha indlela yokusonta (Umfanekiso 1d). Kuma-LIB aguquguqukayo anamayunithi okugcina amandla ayisikwele, amasegimenti axhumene azogingqa eduze kwendawo emise okwe-arc yesitaki esiwugqinsi phakathi nenqubo yokugoba (Umfanekiso 1e), ngaleyo ndlela andise ngokuphawulekayo ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri eliguquguqukayo. Ukwengeza, ngokusebenzisa i-elastic polymer encapsulation, ama-LIB aguquguqukayo anamayunithi angama-cylindrical angakwazi ukuzuza izakhiwo ezinwebekayo nezivumelana nezimo (Umfanekiso 1f).

Umfanekiso we-1 (a) Umklamo wokuxhuma kwe-ligament eyingqayizivele kanye nendawo egobile kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguquguquka; (b) Umdwebo owuhlelo wesakhiwo sebhethri esivumelana nezimo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza; (c) ithambo lihambisana nokuqina kwe-electrode stack, futhi i-ligament ihambisana ne-unrolled (D) Isakhiwo sebhethri eguquguqukayo esinamaseli angama-cylindrical kanye nama-triangular; (e) Ukupakisha umdwebo wohlelo wamaseli ayisikwele; (f) Ukwelula ukwakheka kwamaseli angama-cylindrical.

Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kokuhlaziywa kokulingisa komshini kuqinisekise ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sebhethri esivumelana nezimo. Umfanekiso 2a ubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi kwe-copper ne-aluminium foil uma igotshwe kusilinda (180° radian). Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwe-copper ne-aluminium foil kuphansi kakhulu kunamandla okukhiqiza, okubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuguqulwa ngeke kubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Umqoqi wensimbi wamanje angagwema umonakalo ongalungiseki.

Umfanekiso 2b ubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi lapho izinga lokugoba liqhubeka likhuphuka, futhi ukucindezelwa kwe-copper foil ne-aluminium foil nakho kungaphansi kwamandla azo esivuno ahambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo singamelana nokuguqulwa kokugoqa kuyilapho sigcina ukuqina okuhle. Ngaphezu kokuguqulwa kokugoba, uhlelo lungafinyelela izinga elithile lokuhlanekezela (Umfanekiso 2c).

Kumabhethri anamayunithi angama-cylindrical, ngenxa yezimpawu zemvelo zendilinga, angakwazi ukufeza ukuwohloka okunzima nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ibhethri eligoqiwe ukuze 180o (Figure 2d, e), welulela cishe 140% of the ubude original (Figure 2f), futhi esonta ukuze 90o (Figure 2g), kungaba ukugcina ukuzinza mechanical. Ukwengeza, lapho ukugoba + ukusonteka nokusonteka kusetshenziswa ngokuhlukana, ukwakheka kwe-LIBs okuklanyelwe ngeke kubangele ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki okungenakulungiseka komqoqi wensimbi wamanje ngaphansi kokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene nokuyinkimbinkimbi.

Umfanekiso 2 (ac) Imiphumela yokulingisa yesici esiphelile seseli eyisikwele ngaphansi kokugoqa, ukugoqa, nokusonteka; (di) Imiphumela yokulingisa yesici esiphelile seseli eliyisilinda ngaphansi kokugoba, ukugoqa, ukwelula, ukusonteka, ukugoba + ukusonteka nokusonteka.

Ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical kwebhethri eliklanywe ukuguquguquka, i-LiCoO2 isetshenziswe njengempahla ye-cathode ukuze kuhlolwe umthamo wokukhipha kanye nokuzinza komjikelezo. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3a, amandla okukhipha ibhethri anamaseli ayisikwele awancishiswa kakhulu ngemva kokuba indiza ikhubazekile ukuze igobe, indandatho, igoqwe, futhi isonteke ekukhuliseni kwe-1 C, okusho ukuthi ukuguqulwa komshini ngeke kubangele ukuklama ibhethri eliguquguqukayo libe i-electrochemically Performance iyehla. Ngisho nangemva kokugoba okuguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 3c, d) kanye ne-torsion eguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 3e, f), futhi ngemva kwenani elithile lemijikelezo, isiteji sokushaja nokukhipha kanye nokusebenza komjikelezo omude akunazo izinguquko ezisobala, okusho ukuthi isakhiwo sangaphakathi ibhethri ivikelwe kahle.

Umfanekiso 3 (a) Ukushaja nokukhipha ukuhlolwa kwebhethri leyunithi yesikwele ngaphansi kwe-1C; (b) Shaja futhi ukhiphe ijika ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene; (c, d) Ngaphansi kokugoba okuguquguqukayo, ukusebenza komjikelezo webhethri nokushajwa okuhambisanayo kanye nejika lokuphuma; (e, f) Ngaphansi kwe-dynamic torsion, ukusebenza komjikelezo webhethri kanye nekhevu yokushajwa ehambisanayo ngaphansi kwemijikelezo ehlukene.

Imiphumela yokuhlaziya ukulingisa ibonisa ukuthi ngenxa yezimpawu zemvelo zendingiliza, ama-LIB aguquguqukayo anama-elementi angama-cylindrical angamelana nokonakala okukhulu nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical kwama-LIB aguquguqukayo weyunithi ye-cylindrical, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesilinganiso se-1 C, esabonisa ukuthi lapho ibhethri liba nokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene, cishe akukho shintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-electrochemical. Ukuguqulwa ngeke kubangele ukuthi ijika le-voltage lishintshe (Umfanekiso 4a, b).

Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlola ukuzinza kwe-electrochemical yebhethri eyicylindrical nokuqina komshini, ifake ibhethri ekuhlolweni komthwalo ozenzakalelayo okuguquguqukayo ngenani elingu-1 C. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokwelula okuguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 4c, d), i-dynamic torsion (Umfanekiso 4e, f) , nokugoba okuguquguqukayo + i-torsion (Umfanekiso 4g, h), ukusebenza komjikelezo wokushajwa kwebhethri kanye nejika le-voltage elihambisanayo akuthinteki. Umfanekiso 4i ubonisa ukusebenza kwebhethri elineyunithi yokugcina amandla enemibala. Umthamo wokukhipha ubola kusuka ku-133.3 mAm g-1 kuya ku-129.9 mAh g-1, futhi ukulahlekelwa umthamo ngomjikelezo ngamunye kungu-0.04% kuphela, okubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa ngeke kuthinte ukuzinza komjikelezo nomthamo wokukhipha.

Umfanekiso 4 (a) Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokushaja nokukhipha kokulungiswa okuhlukile kwamaseli angama-cylindrical ku-1 C; (b) Ishaja ehambisanayo namajika okukhipha ebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene; (c, d) Ukusebenza komjikelezo nokushajwa kwebhethri ngaphansi kwe-dynamic tension Discharge curve; (e, f) ukusebenza komjikelezo webhethri ngaphansi kwe-dynamic torsion kanye nekhevu yokushajwa ehambisanayo ngaphansi kwemijikelezo ehlukene; (g, h) ukusebenza komjikelezo webhethri ngaphansi kokugoba okuguquguqukayo + ukugoqa kanye nejika elihambisanayo lokushajwa ngaphansi kwemijikelezo ehlukene; (I) Ukuhlola nokushaja nokukhipha amabhethri eyunithi ye-prismatic anokuhlelwa okuhlukile kokuthi 1 C.

Ukuze uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri elithuthukisiwe eliguquguqukayo ekusebenzeni, umbhali usebenzisa amabhethri agcwele anezinhlobo ezahlukene zamayunithi okugcina amandla ukuze anike amandla eminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ethengiswayo, njengama-earphone, amawashi ahlakaniphile, abalandeli bakagesi abancane, izinsimbi zezimonyo, namafoni ahlakaniphile. Kokubili kwanele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, kuhlanganisa ngokugcwele amandla okusebenza emikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi eguquguqukayo negqokekayo.

Umfanekiso 5 usebenzisa ibhethri eliklanyelwe kuma-earphone, amawashi ahlakaniphile, abalandeli bakagesi abancane, okokusebenza kwezimonyo, nama-smartphone. Ibhethri eliguquguqukayo linikeza amandla (a) ama-earphone, (b) amawashi ahlakaniphile, kanye (c) namafeni amancane kagesi; (d) enikeza amandla ezisetshenziswa zezimonyo; (e) ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokonakala, ibhethri eliguquguqukayo linikeza amandla kuma-smartphone.

Isifinyezo kanye nombono

Kafushane, lesi sihloko siphefumulelwe ukwakheka kwamalunga omuntu. Iphakamisa indlela ehlukile yokuklama yokukhiqiza ibhethri eliguquguqukayo elinokuminyana okuphezulu kwamandla, ukukhubazeka okuningi, nokuqina. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-LIB endabuko aguquguqukayo, lo mklamo omusha ungagwema ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki komqoqi wensimbi wamanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo ezigobile ezigcinwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zeyunithi yokugcina amandla eklanywe kuleli phepha zingakhulula ngokuphumelelayo ukucindezeleka kwendawo kwezingxenye ezixhumene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezihlukene zokusonta zingashintsha ukuma kwesitaki, zinikeze ibhethri ukukhubazeka okwanele. Ibhethri eliguquguqukayo libonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu komjikelezo kanye nokuqina kwemishini ngenxa yedizayini yenoveli futhi linamathuba amaningi okusebenza emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi eguquguqukayo negqokekayo.

Isixhumanisi semibhalo

Idizayini yesakhiwo ephefumulelwe ngokuhlanganyela yomuntu yebhethri eligobekayo/eligoqekayo/elinwebekayo/elisontekayo: ukuzuza ukukhubazeka okuningi. (I-Energy Environ. Isayensi., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00480H)