By hoppt
Ngokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo, isidingo samabhethri e-lithium sizokhula. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye namamodeli amasha okukhula komnotho kuzoba amandla amakhulu okuqhuba "inguquko yemboni ye-lithium." ingachaza ikusasa lezinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium ezisohlwini. Manje lungisa imibuzo eyi-100 mayelana namabhethri e-lithium; wamukelekile ukuqoqa!
1. Liyini ibhethri?
Amabhethri awuhlobo lwamadivayisi okuguqula amandla kanye nawokugcina aguqula amandla amakhemikhali noma aphathekayo abe amandla kagesi ngokusabela. Ngokusho kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuhlukile ebhethri, ibhethri lingahlukaniswa libe yibhethri lamakhemikhali kanye nebhethri lebhayoloji.
Ibhethri lekhemikhali noma umthombo wamandla wekhemikhali iyisisetshenziswa esiguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi. Ihlanganisa ama-electrode amabili asebenza nge-electrochemically anezingxenye ezihlukene, ngokulandelana, ezakhiwe ngama-electrode amahle kanye nama-negative. Ikhemikhali engahlinzeka ngokuqhutshwa kwemidiya isetshenziswa njenge-electrolyte. Uma ixhunywe kusiphathi sangaphandle, iletha amandla kagesi ngokuguqula amandla ayo ekhemikhali angaphakathi.
Ibhethri eliphathekayo liwumshini oguqula amandla aphathekayo abe amandla kagesi.
2. Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwamabhethri ayisisekelo namabhethri esibili?
Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi impahla esebenzayo ihlukile. Izinto ezisebenzayo zebhethri lesibili ziyabuyiseleka emuva, kuyilapho okokusebenza kwebhethri eliyinhloko kungasebenzi. Ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kwebhethri lokuqala kuncane kakhulu kunebhethri lesibili. Noma kunjalo, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kukhulu kakhulu kunokwebhethri lesibili, ngakho umthamo womthwalo uphansi. Ukwengeza, umthamo othize othize kanye nomthamo othize wevolumu webhethri eliyinhloko kubaluleke kakhulu kunalawo amabhethri atholakalayo aphinde ashajwe.
3. Iyini isimiso se-electrochemical yamabhethri e-Ni-MH?
Amabhethri e-Ni-MH asebenzisa i-Ni oxide njenge-electrode evumayo, insimbi yokugcina i-hydrogen njenge-electrode engalungile, kanye ne-lye (ikakhulukazi i-KOH) njenge-electrolyte. Uma ibhethri le-nickel-hydrogen lishajwa:
Ukusabela okuhle kwe-electrode: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e-
Ukusabela okungalungile kwe-electrode: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH-
Uma ibhethri le-Ni-MH likhishwa:
Ukusabela okuhle kwe-electrode: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH-
Ukusabela kwe-electrode engemihle: MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-
4. Uyini umgomo we-electrochemical wamabhethri e-lithium-ion?
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode ephozithivu yebhethri ye-lithium-ion i-LiCoO2, futhi i-electrode eyinegethivu ngokuyinhloko i-C. Uma ishaja,
Ukusabela okuhle kwe-electrode: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-
Ukusabela okungekuhle: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix
Isamba sokusabela kwebhethri: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix
Ukusabela okuphambene kokusabela okungenhla kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.
5. Yiziphi izindinganiso ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamabhethri?
Amazinga e-IEC asetshenziswa kakhulu amabhethri: Izinga lamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride yi-IEC61951-2: 2003; imboni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ngokuvamile ilandela i-UL noma izindinganiso zikazwelonke.
Izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamabhethri: Izindinganiso zamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride yi-GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; izindinganiso zamabhethri e-lithium yi-GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, kanye ne-GB/T18287_2000.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindinganiso ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamabhethri futhi zihlanganisa i-Japan Industrial Standard JIS C kumabhethri.
I-IEC, i-International Electrical Commission (I-International Electrical Commission), iyinhlangano yomhlaba wonke yokumisa eyakhiwe ngamakomiti kagesi amazwe ahlukahlukene. Inhloso yawo ukukhuthaza ukumiswa kwezinkundla zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi emhlabeni. Amazinga e-IEC angamazinga akhiwe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission.
6. Isiphi isakhiwo esiyinhloko sebhethri ye-Ni-MH?
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride yi-positive electrode sheet (nickel oxide), ishidi le-electrode elingalungile (i-hydrogen storage alloy), i-electrolyte (ikakhulukazi i-KOH), iphepha le-diaphragm, indandatho yokuvala, i-cap ye-electrode eqondile, ikesi yebhethri, njll.
7. Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo samabhethri e-lithium-ion?
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion yizimbozo zebhethri ezingaphezulu neziphansi, ishidi le-electrode esebenzayo (into esebenzayo i-lithium cobalt oxide), isihlukanisi (ulwelwesi olukhethekile oluyinhlanganisela), i-electrode engeyinhle (impahla esebenzayo ikhabhoni), i-organic electrolyte, ikesi yebhethri. (ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili zegobolondo lensimbi negobolondo le-aluminium) njalonjalo.
8. Kuyini ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri?
Isho ukumelana okutholwa amandla amanje ageleza ebhethrini lapho ibhethri isebenza. Yakhiwa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-ohmic kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarization. Ukumelana okubalulekile kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuzonciphisa i-voltage yokusebenza yokukhishwa kwebhethri futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphuma. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuthintwa ikakhulukazi impahla yebhethri, inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukwakheka kwebhethri, nezinye izici. Ipharamitha ebalulekile ukukala ukusebenza kwebhethri. Qaphela: Ngokuvamile, ukumelana kwangaphakathi esimweni sokushajwa kuyindinganiso. Ukuze ubale ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri, kufanele isebenzise imitha yokumelana ekhethekile yangaphakathi esikhundleni se-multimeter ebangeni le-ohm.
9. Iyini i-voltage yegama?
Amandla kagesi ebhethri abhekisela kugesi oboniswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Amandla kagesi ebhethri lesibili le-nickel-cadmium nickel-hydrogen ngu-1.2V; i-voltage yegama lebhethri le-lithium yesibili ingu-3.6V.
10. Iyini i-voltage yesifunda evulekile?
I-voltage yesekhethi evulekile ibhekisela kumehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwama-electrode avumayo kanye nama-negative ebhethri lapho ibhethri ingasebenzi, okungukuthi, lapho ingekho yamanje egeleza kusekethe. I-voltage esebenzayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-terminal voltage, ibhekisela kumehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezigxobo eziphozithivu nezinegethivu zebhethri lapho ibhethri isebenza, okungukuthi, uma kukhona i-overcurrent kusekethe.
11. Ungakanani umthamo webhethri?
Amandla ebhethri ahlukaniswe amandla alinganiselwe kanye nekhono langempela. Umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri ubhekisela esimisweni noma iziqinisekiso ukuthi ibhethri kufanele ikhiphe inani elincane likagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuwukhipha phakathi nomklamo nokukhiqizwa kwesiphepho. Izinga le-IEC libeka ukuthi amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium kanye ne-nickel-metal hydride ashajwa ku-0.1C amahora angu-16 futhi akhishwe ku-0.2C kuya ku-1.0V ezingeni lokushisa elingu-20°C±5°C. Umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri uvezwa njenge-C5. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion kuthiwa azoshajwa amahora angu-3 ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, izimo ezifunwa amandla kagesi ongashintshi (1C) -hlala njalo (4.2V), abese ephuma ku-0.2C kuya ku-2.75V lapho ugesi okhishiwe ulinganisiwe umthamo. Umthamo wangempela webhethri ubhekisela emandleni angempela akhishwe yisiphepho ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhishwa, okuthinteka kakhulu izinga lokuphuma kanye nezinga lokushisa (ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, umthamo webhethri kufanele ucacise izimo zokushaja nokukhipha). Iyunithi yomthamo webhethri ngu-Ah, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh).
12. Ingakanani ibhethri elikhipha umthamo oyinsalela?
Uma ibhethri elishajekayo lishajwa ngamandla amakhulu (njengo-1C noma ngaphezulu), ngenxa "yomphumela webhodlela" okhona esilinganisweni sokusabalalisa sangaphakathi se-overcurrent yamanje, ibhethri selifinyelele ku-voltage yetheminali lapho umthamo ungakashajwa ngokugcwele. , bese isebenzisa i-current encane efana ne-0.2C ingaqhubeka nokususa, kuze kube ngu-1.0V/piece (nickel-cadmium nebhethri ye-nickel-hydrogen) kanye ne-3.0V/piece (ibhethri ye-lithium), umthamo okhululiwe ubizwa ngokuthi umthamo osele.
13. Iyini ipulatifomu yokukhipha?
Inkundla yokukhipha amabhethri e-Ni-MH aphinde ashajwe ngokuvamile ibhekisela ebangeni lamandla kagesi lapho i-voltage yokusebenza yebhethri izinzile uma ikhishwa ngaphansi kwesistimu ethile yokukhipha. Inani layo lihlobene nokukhishwa kwamandla. Umsinga omkhulu, isisindo esiphansi. Ipulatifomu yokukhipha amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile ukuyeka ukushaja lapho i-voltage ingu-4.2V, futhi okwamanje ingaphansi kuka-0.01C ku-voltage engaguquki, bese iyishiya imizuzu eyi-10, futhi ikhiphe ku-3.6V nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso sokuphuma. okwamanje. Kuyindinganiso edingekayo yokukala ikhwalithi yamabhethri.
14. Iyiphi indlela yokumaka yamabhethri ashajwayo eshiwo yi-IEC?
Ngokwezinga le-IEC, uphawu lwebhethri ye-Ni-MH luqukethe izingxenye ezi-5.
01) Uhlobo lwebhethri: I-HF ne-HR zibonisa amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride
02) Imininingwane kasayizi webhethri: okuhlanganisa ububanzi nobude bebhethri eliyindilinga, ubude, ububanzi, nogqinsi lwebhethri lesikwele, kanye namanani
03) Uphawu lwesici sokukhipha: L kusho ukuthi izinga lamanje lokukhipha elifanelekile lingaphakathi kuka-0.5C
I-M ibonisa ukuthi izinga lamanje lokukhipha elifanelekile lingaphakathi kuka-0.5-3.5C
H ubonisa ukuthi izinga lamanje lokukhipha elifanelekile lingaphakathi kuka-3.5-7.0C
U-X ukhombisa ukuthi ibhethri lingasebenza ngenani eliphezulu lokuphuma lamanje elingu-7C-15C.
04) Uphawu lwebhethri lezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: limelwe ngu-T
05) Ucezu lokuxhunywa kwebhethri: I-CF imele ucezu olungaxhunywanga, i-HH imele ucezu lokuxhuma loxhumano lwebhethri lohlobo lokudonsa, futhi i-HB imele ucezu lokuxhuma loxhumano oluseceleni lwechungechunge lwamabhande ebhethri.
Isibonelo, i-HF18/07/49 imele ibhethri le-nickel-metal hydride eyisikwele enobubanzi obungu-18mm, 7mm, nobude obungu-49mm.
I-KRMT33/62HH imele ibhethri le-nickel-cadmium; izinga lokukhipha liphakathi kuka-0.5C-3.5, uchungechunge olushisa kakhulu lokushisa olulodwa ibhethri (ngaphandle kocezu lokuxhuma), ububanzi 33mm, ukuphakama 62mm.
Ngokwezinga le-IEC61960, ukuhlonzwa kwebhethri lesibili le-lithium kungokulandelayo:
01) Ukwakheka kwelogo yebhethri: izinhlamvu ezi-3, zilandelwa izinombolo ezinhlanu (i-cylindrical) noma izinombolo eziyisi-6 (eziyisikwele).
02) Incwadi yokuqala: ikhombisa into eyingozi ye-electrode yebhethri. I-imele i-lithium-ion enebhethri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi; L-imele i-lithium metal electrode noma i-lithium alloy electrode.
03) Incwadi yesibili: ikhombisa impahla ye-cathode yebhethri. I-electrode esekelwe ku-cobalt; I-electrode esekelwe ku-N-nickel; i-electrode esekelwe ku-M-manganese; I-V - i-electrode esekwe e-vanadium.
04) Uhlamvu lwesithathu: lukhombisa ukuma kwebhethri. I-R imele ibhethri ye-cylindrical; U-L umele ibhethri eliyisikwele.
05) Izinombolo: Ibhethri ye-cylindrical: Izinombolo ze-5 ngokulandelana zikhombisa ububanzi nokuphakama kwesiphepho. Iyunithi yobubanzi iyimilimitha, kanti ubukhulu buyingxenye yeshumi yemilimitha. Uma noma iyiphi i-diagonal noma ubude bukhulu kuno-100mm noma bulingana no-XNUMXmm, kufanele kwengeze umugqa odayagonali phakathi kosayizi ababili.
Ibhethri yesikwele: Izinombolo eziyisi-6 zikhombisa ukujiya, ububanzi, nokuphakama kwesiphepho ngamamilimitha. Uma noma ibuphi bobukhulu obuthathu bukhulu noma bulingana no-100mm, kufanele ingeze ukusika phakathi kobukhulu; uma noma yibuphi bobukhulu obuthathu bungaphansi kuka-1mm, uhlamvu "t" lwengezwe ngaphambi kwalobu bukhulu, futhi iyunithi yalo bukhulu iyingxenye eyodwa kweshumi yemilimitha.
Isibonelo, i-ICR18650 imele ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yesibili eyicylindrical; impahla ye-cathode yi-cobalt, ububanzi bayo bungaba ngu-18mm, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kungama-65mm.
I-ICR20/1050.
I-ICP083448 imele ibhethri le-lithium-ion lesibili lesikwele; impahla ye-cathode yi-cobalt, ukujiya kwayo kumayelana no-8mm, ububanzi buyi-34mm, nobude bungaba ngu-48mm.
I-ICP08/34/150 imele ibhethri le-lithium-ion lesibili lesikwele; impahla ye-cathode yi-cobalt, ukujiya kwayo kungama-8mm, ububanzi buyi-34mm, nobude bungaba ngu-150mm.
I-ICPt73448 imele ibhethri le-lithium-ion lesibili lesikwele; impahla ye-cathode yi-cobalt, ukujiya kwayo kumayelana no-0.7mm, ububanzi bungaba ngu-34mm, nobude bungaba ngu-48mm.
15. Yiziphi izinto zokupakisha zebhethri?
01) I-meson engawomi (iphepha) njengephepha le-fiber, itheyiphu enamacala amabili
02) Ifilimu ye-PVC, ishubhu lophawu lokuhweba
03) Ishidi lokuxhuma: ishidi lensimbi engagqwali, ishidi le-nickel elihlanzekile, ishidi lensimbi eline-nickel-plated
04) Ucezu oluphuma phambili: ucezu lwensimbi engagqwali (kulula ukusoda)
Ishidi le-nickel elihlanzekile (i-spot-welded ngokuqinile)
05) Amapulagi
06) Izingxenye zokuvikela ezifana nokushintshwa kokulawula izinga lokushisa, izivikeli ezidlula isikhathi eside, izinqamuleli ezikhawulelayo zamanje
07) Ikhathoni, ibhokisi lephepha
08) Igobolondo lePlastiki
16. Iyini inhloso yokupakishwa kwebhethri, ukuhlanganisa, nokuklama?
01) Kuhle, brand
02) I-voltage yebhethri ilinganiselwe. Ukuze kutholwe i-voltage ephezulu, kufanele ixhume amabhethri amaningi ochungechungeni.
03) Vikela ibhethri, vikela amasekhethi amafushane, futhi welule impilo yebhethri
04) Umkhawulo kasayizi
05) Kulula ukuthutha
06) Idizayini yemisebenzi ekhethekile, efana nokungangeni kwamanzi, idizayini yokubukeka eyingqayizivele, njll.
17. Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwebhethri lesibili ngokuvamile?
Ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa i-voltage, ukumelana kwangaphakathi, umthamo, ukuminyana kwamandla, ingcindezi yangaphakathi, izinga lokuzikhipha, impilo yomjikelezo, ukusebenza kokuvala, ukusebenza kokuphepha, ukusebenza kwesitoreji, ukubukeka, njll. Kukhona nokukhokhiswa ngokweqile, ukukhipha ngokweqile, nokumelana nokugqwala.
18. Yiziphi izinto zokuhlola ukuthembeka kwebhethri?
01) Impilo yomjikelezo
02) Izinga elihlukile lokukhipha izici
03) Khipha izici emazingeni okushisa ahlukene
04) Izici zokushaja
05) Izici zokuzikhipha
06) Izici zesitoreji
07) Izici zokukhipha ngokweqile
08) Izici zokumelana kwangaphakathi emazingeni okushisa ahlukene
09) Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wezinga lokushisa
10) Drop test
11) Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza
12) Ukuhlolwa kwamandla
13) Ukuhlolwa kokumelana kwangaphakathi
14) Ukuhlolwa kwe-GMS
15) Ukuhlolwa komthelela wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi
16) Ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka komshini
17) Ukushisa okuphezulu nokuhlolwa komswakama ophezulu
19. Yiziphi izinto zokuhlola ukuphepha kwebhethri?
01) Ukuhlolwa kwesifunda esifushane
02) Ukuhlolwa kokukhokhiswa ngokweqile nokukhipha ngokweqile
03) Ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwe-voltage
04) Ukuhlolwa komthelela
05) Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza
06) Ukuhlolwa kokushisa
07) Ukuhlolwa komlilo
09) Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokushisa okuguquguqukayo
10) Ukuhlolwa kokushaja okukhohlisayo
11) Ukuhlolwa kokudonsa kwamahhala
12) ukuhlolwa komfutho womoya ophansi
I-13) Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa okuphoqelelwe
I-15) Ukuhlolwa kwepuleti yokushisa kagesi
17) Ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka okushisayo
19) Ukuhlolwa kwe-acupuncture
20) Cindezela ukuhlolwa
21) Ukuhlolwa komthelela wento enzima
20. Yiziphi izindlela zokushaja ezijwayelekile?
Indlela yokushaja yebhethri le-Ni-MH:
01) Ukushaja kwamanje okuhlala njalo: umthamo wokushaja uyinani elithile kuyo yonke inqubo yokushaja; le ndlela ivame kakhulu;
02) Ukushajwa kwe-voltage eqhubekayo: Phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, zombili iziphetho zamandla okushaja zigcina inani elingaguquki, futhi i-current in the circuit iyancipha kancane kancane njengoba i-voltage yebhethri ikhula;
03) Ukushaja okungaguquki kwamandla kagesi: Ibhethri ishajwa okokuqala ngqa (CC). Lapho i-voltage yebhethri ikhuphukela enanini elithile, i-voltage ihlala ingashintshiwe (CV), futhi umoya osesekeni wehla ube yinani elincane, ekugcineni ufinyelele ku-zero.
Indlela yokushaja ibhethri ye-lithium:
Ukushaja okungaguquguquki kwamandla kagesi: Ibhethri ishajwa okokuqala ngomthamo wamanje (CC). Lapho i-voltage yebhethri ikhuphukela enanini elithile, i-voltage ihlala ingashintshiwe (CV), futhi umoya osesekeni wehla ube yinani elincane, ekugcineni ufinyelele ku-zero.
21. Iyini inkokhiso evamile kanye nokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-Ni-MH?
Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe le-IEC libeka ukuthi izinga lokushajwa nokushajwa kwamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride: qala ngokukhipha ibhethri ku-0.2C kuya ku-1.0V/ucezu, bese ushaja ku-0.1C amahora angu-16, ulishiye ihora elingu-1, bese ulibeka. ku-0.2C ukuya ku-1.0V/piece, okungukuthi Ukushaja nokukhipha izinga lebhethri.
22. Kuyini ukushaja kwenhliziyo? Uyini umthelela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri?
Ukushaja kwe-Pulse ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukushaja nokukhipha, ukusetha imizuzwana emi-5 bese kudedelwa isekhondi elingu-1. Izonciphisa iningi le-oksijini ekhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokushaja kuma-electrolyte ngaphansi kwe-pulse yokukhipha. Akugcini nje kuphela ukuthi kukhawulele inani le-electrolyte vaporization yangaphakathi, kodwa lawo mabhethri amadala ahlukanisiwe kakhulu azolulama kancane kancane noma asondele kumthamo wangempela ngemva kwezikhathi ezingu-5-10 zokushaja nokukhipha kusetshenziswa le ndlela yokushaja.
23. Kuyini ukushaja kwe-trickle?
Ukushaja i-Trickle kusetshenziselwa ukuvala isikhala sokulahlekelwa umthamo okubangelwa ukuzikhipha ngokwayo ibhethri ngemva kokuba selishajwe ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, ukushaja kwe-pulse current kusetshenziselwa ukufeza inhloso engenhla.
24. Kuyini ukushaja kahle?
Ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kubhekisela esilinganisweni sezinga amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ibhethri ngesikhathi sokushaja aguqulwa abe amandla ekhemikhali ibhethri elingawagcina. Ithintwa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nezinga lokushisa lendawo yokusebenza yesiphepho—ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile, kwehlisa ukusebenza kahle kokushaja.
25. Kuyini ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha?
Ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha kubhekisela kumandla wangempela akhishelwe ku-voltage yetheminali ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhipha kumthamo olinganisiwe. Ithintwa kakhulu izinga lokukhishwa, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, ukumelana kwangaphakathi, nezinye izici. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokukhishwa liphezulu, izinga lokuphuma liphezulu. Ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokukhipha. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha.
26. Ayini amandla okukhipha ibhethri?
Amandla okukhiphayo ebhethri asho amandla okukhipha amandla ngesikhathi seyunithi. Ibalwa ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokukhipha I kanye ne-voltage yokukhipha, P = U* I, iyunithi i-watts.
Uma kuncipha ukumelana nebhethri kwangaphakathi, ayanda amandla okukhiphayo. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kufanele kube ngaphansi kokumelana kwangaphakathi kwento esebenza ngogesi. Uma kungenjalo, ibhethri ngokwalo lisebenzisa amandla amaningi kunogesi, okuyinto engabizi kakhulu futhi engase ilimaze ibhethri.
27. Kuyini ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kwebhethri lesibili? Lithini izinga lokuzikhipha ngokwakho lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri?
Ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi yi-charge retention capability, okubhekisela emandleni okugcina amandla ebhethri agciniwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo esimweni sesekhethi evulekile. Ngokuvamile, ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kuthinteka kakhulu izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izinto zokwakha, nezimo zokugcina. Ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kungenye yezimiso eziyinhloko zokukala ukusebenza kwebhethri. Ngokuvamile, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lesitoreji sebhethri, liyancipha izinga lokuzikhipha, kodwa futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu, okungase kulimaze ibhethri futhi ingasebenziseki.
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele futhi lishiywe livuliwe isikhathi esithile, izinga elithile lokuzikhipha ngokwakho liyisilinganiso. Izinga le-IEC libeka ukuthi ngemva kokushajwa ngokugcwele, amabhethri e-Ni-MH kufanele ashiywe evuliwe izinsuku ezingu-28 ezingeni lokushisa elingu-20℃±5℃ kanye nomswakama ongu (65±20)%, futhi amandla okuphuma angu-0.2C azofinyelela ku-60% inani lokuqala.
28. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokuzikhulula amahora angama-24?
Ukuhlolwa kokuzikhipha kwebhethri ye-lithium yile:
Ngokuvamile, ukuzikhulula kwamahora angu-24 kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola umthamo wako wokugcina weshaji ngokushesha. Ibhethri liphuma ku-0.2C kuya ku-3.0V, lamanje elingashintshi. I-voltage eqhubekayo ishajwa ku-4.2V, i-cut-off yamanje: 10mA, ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 yokugcina, iphuma ku-1C kuya ku-3.0 V ihlola umthamo wayo wokukhipha u-C1, bese usetha ibhethri nge-voltage engaguquki yamanje nengapheli engu-1C kuya ku-4.2V, ukusika- I-off yamanje: 10mA, futhi ikala umthamo we-1C C2 ngemva kokushiywa amahora angu-24. I-C2/C1*100% kufanele ibaluleke kakhulu kuno-99%.
29. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokumelana kwangaphakathi kombuso okhokhisiwe kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi kombuso okhululiwe?
Ukumelana kwangaphakathi esimweni sokushajwa kubhekisela ekuphikiseni kwangaphakathi lapho ibhethri ishajwe ngokugcwele ngo-100%; ukumelana kwangaphakathi esimweni sokuchithwa kubhekisela ekuphikiseni kwangaphakathi ngemva kokuba ibhethri selikhishwe ngokuphelele.
Ngokuvamile, ukumelana kwangaphakathi esimweni esikhishiwe akuzinzile futhi kukhulu kakhulu. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi esimweni esikhokhisiwe kuncane kakhulu, futhi inani lokumelana lizinzile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa ibhethri, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuphela kwesimo esishajiweyo esibalulekile. Esikhathini sakamuva sosizo lwebhethri, ngenxa yokukhathala kwe-electrolyte kanye nokunciphisa umsebenzi wamakhemikhali angaphakathi, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuzokwanda ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
30. Kuyini ukumelana okungaguquki? Kuyini ukumelana okunamandla?
Ukumelana kwangaphakathi okumile ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ngesikhathi sokushajwa, futhi ukumelana okunamandla kwangaphakathi wukumelana nebhethri kwangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokushaja.
31. Ingabe ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokumelana ne-overcharge?
I-IEC ibeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokushajwa ngokweqile kwamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride yile:
Lahla ibhethri ku-0.2C ukuya ku-1.0V/ucezu, futhi ulishaje ngokuqhubekayo ku-0.1C amahora angu-48. Ibhethri akufanele libe nokushintshashintsha noma ukuvuza. Ngemuva kokushajwa ngokweqile, isikhathi sokukhipha kusuka ku-0.2C kuya ku-1.0V kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwamahora ama-5.
32. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwempilo yomjikelezo ojwayelekile we-IEC?
I-IEC ibeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile komjikelezo wempilo yamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride yile:
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri libekwe ku-0.2C kuya ku-1.0V/pc
01) Shaja ku-0.1C amahora ayi-16, bese ukhipha ku-0.2C amahora ama-2 nemizuzu engama-30 (umjikelezo owodwa)
02) Shaja ku-0.25C amahora angu-3 nemizuzu engu-10, futhi ukhiphe ku-0.25C amahora angu-2 nemizuzu engu-20 (imijikelezo engu-2-48)
03) Shaja ku-0.25C amahora angu-3 nemizuzu engu-10, futhi ukhulule ku-1.0V ku-0.25C (umjikelezo wama-49)
04) Shaja ku-0.1C amahora angu-16, ubeke eceleni ihora elingu-1, ukhiphe ku-0.2C kuya ku-1.0V (umjikelezo wama-50). Ngamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, ngemuva kokuphinda imijikelezo ye-400 ye-1-4, isikhathi sokukhipha i-0.2C kufanele sibe esibaluleke kakhulu kunamahora angu-3; kumabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, ukuphinda inani lemijikelezo engu-500 ye-1-4, isikhathi sokukhipha i-0.2C kufanele sibe esibucayi kakhulu kunamahora angu-3.
33. Iyini ingcindezi yangaphakathi yebhethri?
Isho umfutho womoya wangaphakathi webhethri, odalwa igesi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushajwa nokukhipha ibhethri elivaliwe futhi kuthintwa ikakhulukazi izinto zebhethri, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nesakhiwo sebhethri. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi igesi ekhiqizwa ukubola komswakama kanye nesisombululo sezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwebhethri iqoqa. Ngokuvamile, umfutho wangaphakathi webhethri ugcinwa usezingeni eliphakathi. Esimeni sokushajwa ngokweqile noma ukuchithwa ngokweqile, ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kungase kukhuphuke:
Isibonelo, ukushajwa ngokweqile, i-electrode eqondile: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑; ①
Ioksijini ekhiqiziwe isabela ne-hydrogen edonswa ku-electrode eyinegethivu ukukhiqiza amanzi 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ②
Uma isivinini sokusabela ② siphansi kuneso sokusabela ①, umoya-mpilo okhiqizwayo ngeke usetshenziswe ngesikhathi, okuzobangela ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ukuthi kukhuphuke.
34. Kuyini ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokugcina inkokhiso?
I-IEC ibeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa kweshaja okujwayelekile kwamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride yile:
Ngemva kokubeka ibhethri ku-0.2C kuya ku-1.0V, ishaje ku-0.1C amahora angu-16, igcine ku-20℃±5℃ kanye nomswakama ongu-65%±20%, igcine izinsuku ezingu-28, bese uyikhiphela ku-1.0V 0.2C, kanye namabhethri e-Ni-MH kufanele abe ngaphezu kwamahora angu-3.
Izinga likazwelonke libeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokugcinwa kweshaji kumabhethri e-lithium yilena: (I-IEC ayinazo izindinganiso ezifanele) ibhethri libekwa ku-0.2C ukuya ku-3.0/ucezu, bese lishajwa ku-4.2V ngamandla angaguquki kanye ne-voltage engu-1C, umoya onqamuliwe ongu-10mA nezinga lokushisa elingu-20 Ngemva kokugcina izinsuku ezingu-28 ku-℃±5℃, yikhiphe ku-2.75V ku-0.2C bese ubala umthamo wokuwukhipha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo webhethri ozisholo wona, akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-85% wesamba sokuqala.
35. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwesifunda esifushane?
Sebenzisa intambo enokumelana kwangaphakathi ≤100mΩ ukuze uxhume izigxobo zebhethri ezigcwele amandla nezinegethivu ebhokisini elivikela ukuqhuma ukuze ufinyeze izigxobo eziphozithivu nezinegethivu. Ibhethri akufanele liqhume noma libambe umlilo.
36. Yiziphi izivivinyo zokushisa eziphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu?
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuhlolwa kokuswakama kwebhethri le-Ni-MH yilezi:
Ngemva kokuba ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, ligcine ngaphansi kwezimo zezinga lokushisa elingashintshi kanye nomswakamo izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ungabheki ukuvuza ngesikhathi sokuyigcina.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuhlolwa kokuswakama okuphezulu kwebhethri ye-lithium yile: (izinga likazwelonke)
Shaja ibhethri nge-voltage engaguquki engu-1C yamanje futhi engaguquki iye ku-4.2V, i-cut-off current engu-10mA, bese uyifaka ebhokisini lokushisa eliqhubekayo nomswakama ku-(40±2)℃ kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongu-90% -95% amahora angu-48. , bese ukhipha ibhethri phakathi (20 Lishiye ku-±5)℃ amahora amabili. Qaphela ukuthi ukubukeka kwebhethri kufanele kube okujwayelekile. Bese ukhipha ku-2.75V ngokuqhubekayo kwe-1C, bese wenza imijikelezo yokushaja engu-1C kanye ne-1C yokukhipha ku-(20±5)℃ kuze kube umthamo wokukhipha Hhayi ngaphansi kuka-85% wesamba sokuqala, kodwa inani lemijikelezo alikho ngaphezulu. ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu.
37. Kuyini ukuhlola izinga lokushisa?
Ngemva kokuba ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, lifake kuhhavini bese ushisa ekamelweni lokushisa ngesilinganiso esingu-5°C/min. Lapho izinga lokushisa likahhavini lifinyelela ku-130 ° C, ligcine imizuzu engama-30. Ibhethri akufanele liqhume noma libambe umlilo.
38. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokuhamba ngebhayisikili kwezinga lokushisa?
Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wezinga lokushisa kuqukethe imijikelezo engama-27, futhi inqubo ngayinye iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
01) Ibhethri liyashintshwa lisuka kuzinga lokushisa elijwayelekile liye ku-66±3℃, libekwe ihora elingu-1 ngaphansi kwesimo sika-15±5%,
02) Shintshela ekushiseni okungu-33±3°C kanye nomswakama ongu-90±5°C ihora elingu-1,
03) Isimo sishintshwa sibe -40±3℃ futhi sibekwe ihora elingu-1
04) Beka ibhethri ku-25℃ amahora angu-0.5
Lezi zinyathelo ezine ziqedela umjikelezo. Ngemuva kwemijikelezo engu-27 yokuhlolwa, ibhethri akufanele libe nokuvuza, ukukhuphuka kwe-alkali, ukugqwala, noma ezinye izimo ezingavamile.
39. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwamaconsi?
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri noma iphakethe lebhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, liyayehliswa lisuka endaweni eyi-1m liye endaweni ekhonkolo (noma usimende) izikhathi ezintathu ukuze lithole ukushaqeka ezindaweni ezingahleliwe.
40. Kuyini ukuhlola kokudlidliza?
Indlela yokuhlola ukudlidliza yebhethri le-Ni-MH ithi:
Ngemva kokukhipha ibhethri ku-1.0V ku-0.2C, ishaje ku-0.1C amahora angu-16, bese uyadlidliza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo ngemva kokushiywa amahora angu-24:
Ubukhulu: 0.8mm
Yenza ibhethri lidlidlize phakathi kuka-10HZ-55HZ, likhule noma lehle ngezinga lokudlidliza elingu-1HZ njalo ngeminithi.
Ukushintsha kwamandla ebhethri kufanele kube phakathi kuka-±0.02V, futhi ukuguqulwa kokumelana kwangaphakathi kufanele kube phakathi kuka-±5mΩ. (Isikhathi sokudlidliza imizuzu engama-90)
Indlela yokuhlola ukudlidliza kwebhethri ye-lithium ithi:
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri likhishwe ku-3.0V ku-0.2C, lishajwa ku-4.2V nge-voltage eqhubekayo yamanje kanye ne-voltage engaguquki ku-1C, kanti i-current-off current ingu-10mA. Ngemva kokushiywa amahora angu-24, izodlidliza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kwenziwa ngefrikhwensi yokudlidliza isuka ku-10 Hz iye ku-60 Hz iye ku-10 Hz ngemizuzu emi-5, futhi i-amplitude ingamayintshi angu-0.06. Ibhethri lidlidliza kuma-axis amathathu, futhi i-eksisi ngayinye inyakaza isigamu sehora.
Ukushintsha kwamandla ebhethri kufanele kube phakathi kuka-±0.02V, futhi ukuguqulwa kokumelana kwangaphakathi kufanele kube phakathi kuka-±5mΩ.
41. Kuyini ukuhlolwa komthelela?
Ngemva kokuba ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, beka induku eqinile ivundlile bese uphonsa into engamaphawundi angu-20 ukusuka ekuphakameni okuthile ku-hard rod. Ibhethri akufanele liqhume noma libambe umlilo.
42. Kuyini ukuhlola kokungena?
Ngemva kokuba ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, dlulisa isipikili sobubanzi obuthile phakathi nendawo yesiphepho bese ushiya iphinikhodi ebhethrini. Ibhethri akufanele liqhume noma libambe umlilo.
43. Kuyini ukuhlola umlilo?
Beka ibhethri eligcwaliswe ngokuphelele kudivayisi yokushisisa enekhava eyingqayizivele evikela umlilo, futhi akukho mfucumfucu ezodlula ikhava eyisivikelo.
44. Yiziphi izitifiketi imikhiqizo yenkampani edluliselwe kuyo?
Iphasise ISO9001:2000 isitifiketi sohlelo lwekhwalithi kanye nesitifiketi se-ISO14001:2004 sohlelo lokuvikela imvelo; umkhiqizo uthole isitifiketi se-EU CE kanye nesitifiketi se-UL yaseNyakatho Melika, waphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwe-SGS, futhi uthole ilayisensi yobunikazi be-Ovonic; ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PICC igunyaze imikhiqizo yenkampani ku-World Scope underwriting.
45. Liyini ibhethri Okulungele Ukulisebenzisa?
Ibhethri Elilungele ukusetshenziswa wuhlobo olusha lwebhethri le-Ni-MH elinenani lokugcina lokushajwa eliqaliswe inkampani. Ibhethri elimelana nesitoreji nokusebenza okumbaxambili kwebhethri lokuqala nelesibili futhi lingamiselela ibhethri eliyinhloko. Okusho ukuthi, ibhethri ingaphinda igaywe futhi ibe namandla asele aphezulu ngemuva kokugcinwa ngesikhathi esifanayo namabhethri e-Ni-MH ajwayelekile esibili.
46.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo efanayo, lo mkhiqizo unezici ezilandelayo eziphawulekayo:
01) Ukuzikhipha okuncane;
02) Isikhathi eside sokugcina;
03) Ukumelana nokukhishwa ngokweqile;
04) Impilo yomjikelezo omude;
05) Ikakhulukazi lapho i-voltage yebhethri ingaphansi kuka-1.0V, inomsebenzi omuhle wokubuyisela amandla;
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, lolu hlobo lwebhethri lunezinga lokugcinwa kokushajwa elifika ku-75% uma ligcinwe endaweni engu-25°C unyaka owodwa, ngakho leli bhethri liwumkhiqizo okahle ongashintsha amabhethri alahlwayo.
47. Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha uma usebenzisa ibhethri?
01) Sicela ufunde imanuwali yebhethri ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa;
02) Izinto ezithinta ugesi nebhethri kufanele zihlanzeke, zesulwe ngendwangu emanzi uma kunesidingo, futhi zifakwe ngokophawu lwe-polarity ngemva kokoma;
03) Ungahlanganisi amabhethri amadala namasha, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri zemodeli efanayo azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ukuze zinganciphisi ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa;
04) Ibhethri elilahlwayo alikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngokushisisa noma ukushajwa;
05) Ungalifinyeleli ibhethri;
06) Musa ukuqaqa futhi ushise ibhethri noma uphonsa ibhethri emanzini;
07) Uma izinto ezisebenza ngogesi zingasebenzi isikhathi eside, kufanele zilisuse ibhethri, futhi kufanele icime inkinobho ngemva kokusetshenziswa;
08) Ungawalahli amabhethri ngokungahleliwe, futhi uwahlukanise komunye udoti ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme ukungcolisa imvelo;
09) Uma kungekho ukugada komuntu omdala, ungavumeli izingane ukuthi zishintshe ibhethri. Amabhethri amancane kufanele abekwe endaweni lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona;
10) kufanele igcine ibhethri endaweni epholile, eyomile ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile.
48. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamabhethri ajwayelekile aphinde ashajwe?
Njengamanje, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, i-nickel-metal hydride, namabhethri e-lithium-ion aphinde ashajwa asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi eziphathwayo ezihlukahlukene (njengamakhompuyutha, amakhamera, nomakhalekhukhwini). Ibhethri ngalinye elingashajwa linezici zalo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium nawe-nickel-metal hydride ukuthi ukuminyana kwamandla wamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri ohlobo olufanayo, amandla amabhethri e-Ni-MH aphindwe kabili kunamabhethri e-Ni-Cd. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride kungandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza semishini lapho kungekho sisindo esengeziwe esifakwe emishinini kagesi. Enye inzuzo yamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride ukuthi anciphisa kakhulu inkinga "yenkumbulo" kumabhethri e-cadmium ukuze asebenzise amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride kalula. Amabhethri e-Ni-MH anobungani bemvelo kunamabhethri e-Ni-Cd ngoba azikho izingxenye zensimbi ezinobuthi ezinobuthi ngaphakathi. I-Li-ion isiphinde yaba umthombo wamandla ovamile wamadivayisi aphathwayo ngokushesha. I-Li-ion inganikeza amandla afanayo namabhethri e-Ni-MH kodwa inganciphisa isisindo cishe ngo-35%, ifanele izinto zikagesi njengamakhamera namalaptop. Ibalulekile. I-Li-ion ayinawo "umphumela wenkumbulo," Izinzuzo zokungabi nazinto ezinobuthi nazo ziyizici ezibalulekile ezenza kube umthombo wamandla ovamile.
Kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-Ni-MH emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kuzokhula ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-45°C, ukusebenza kwezinto zebhethri ezishajwa kabusha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kuzokwehla, futhi kuzofinyeza kakhulu impilo yomjikelezo webhethri.
49. Lingakanani izinga lokuphuma kwebhethri? Lithini izinga lehora lokukhululwa kwesiphepho?
Ukukhishwa kwesilinganiso kubhekisela ebudlelwaneni besilinganiso phakathi kwamandla okukhipha (A) kanye nomthamo olinganiselwe (A•h) ngesikhathi sokusha. Ukukhishwa kwesilinganiso sehora kubhekisela emahoreni adingekayo ukuze ukhiphe umthamo olinganiselwe ngokukhiphayo kwamanje okuthile.
50. Kungani kudingekile ukugcina ibhethri lifudumele lapho udubula ebusika?
Njengoba ibhethri kukhamera yedijithali inezinga lokushisa eliphansi, umsebenzi wezinto ezisebenzayo wehliswa kakhulu, okungenzeka unganikezi ukusebenza kwekhamera okujwayelekile kwamanje, ngakho ukudubula kwangaphandle ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ikakhulukazi.
Naka ukufudumala kwekhamera noma kwebhethri.
51. Ingakanani izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lamabhethri e-lithium-ion?
Ukushaja -10—45℃ Ukukhipha -30—55℃
52. Ingabe amabhethri anamandla ahlukene angahlanganiswa?
Uma uhlanganisa amabhethri amasha namadala ngamakhono ahlukene noma uwasebenzisa ndawonye, kungase kube khona ukuvuza, i-voltage enguziro, njll. Lokhu kungenxa yomehluko wamandla phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, okubangela ukuthi amanye amabhethri ashajwe ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokushajwa. Amanye amabhethri awashajwe ngokugcwele futhi anomthamo ngesikhathi sokushajwa. Ibhethri eliphezulu alikashajwa ngokugcwele, futhi nebhethri elisezingeni eliphansi lichithwa ngokweqile. Emjikelezweni ononya onjalo, ibhethri liyalimala, futhi liyavuza noma linevoltage ephansi (eziro).
53. Iyini isifunda esifushane sangaphandle, futhi sinamuphi umthelela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri?
Ukuxhuma amaphethelo amabili angaphandle ebhethri kunoma iyiphi i-conductor kuzodala i-short circuit yangaphandle. Isifundo esifushane singaletha imiphumela enzima ezinhlotsheni zebhethri ezihlukene, njengokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa le-electrolyte, ukunyuka komfutho womoya wangaphakathi, njll. Uma umfutho womoya udlula i-voltage ye-standstand yekepisi yebhethri, ibhethri izovuza. Lesi simo silimaza kakhulu ibhethri. Uma i-valve yokuphepha yehluleka, ingase ibangele nokuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ungalifinyezi ibhethri ngaphandle.
54. Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta impilo yebhethri?
01) Ukushaja:
Lapho ukhetha ishaja, kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ishaja enezinto zokuvala ukushaja ezifanele (njengamadivayisi anqamula ukushajwa kwesikhathi, umehluko ongemuhle kagesi (-V) wokushaja okunqamukile, kanye nezisetshenziswa zokuvala ukushisa ngokweqile) ukuze ugweme ukufinyeza ibhethri. impilo ngenxa yokushajwa ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, ukushaja okunensayo kungandisa impilo yesevisi yebhethri kangcono kunokushaja okusheshayo.
02) Ukukhipha:
a. Ukujula kokukhipha kuyisici esiyinhloko esithinta impilo yebhethri. Lapho ukukhishwa kuphezulu ukujula, impilo yebhethri iba mfishane. Ngamanye amazwi, inqobo nje uma ukujula kokukhishwa kunciphile, kunganweba kakhulu impilo yesevisi yebhethri. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sikugweme ukukhipha ngokweqile ibhethri ku-voltage ephansi kakhulu.
b. Uma ibhethri likhishwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, lizofinyeza impilo yalo yesevisi.
c. Uma okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi okuklanyiwe kungakwazi ukumisa ngokuphelele konke okwamanje, uma okokusebenza kushiywe isikhathi eside kungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokukhipha ibhethri, amandla asalayo kwesinye isikhathi angabangela ukuthi ibhethri lidliwe kakhulu, okubangele ukuthi isiphepho siphume ngokweqile.
d. Uma usebenzisa amabhethri anamandla ahlukene, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, noma amaleveli wokushaja ahlukene, kanye namabhethri ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezindala nezintsha, amabhethri azoshajwa kakhulu futhi abangele ukushajwa kwe-polarity okuhlehlayo.
03) Isitoreji:
Uma ibhethri ligcinwe ekushiseni okuphezulu isikhathi eside, lizonciphisa umsebenzi walo we-electrode futhi lifinyeze impilo yalo yesevisi.
55. Ingabe ibhethri lingakwazi ukugcinwa entweni ngemva kokusetshenziswa noma uma ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside?
Uma ingeke isebenzise into kagesi isikhathi eside, kungcono ukuyikhipha ibhethri uyibeke endaweni enezinga eliphansi lokushisa, eyomile. Uma kungenjalo, ngisho noma into kagesi icishiwe, isistimu isazokwenza ibhethri ibe nokuphumayo okuphansi kwamanje, okuzofinyeza impilo yesevisi yesiphepho.
56. Yiziphi izimo ezingcono zokugcinwa kwebhethri? Ingabe ngidinga ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcina isikhathi eside ngokugcwele?
Ngokwezinga le-IEC, kufanele igcine ibhethri ezingeni lokushisa elingu-20℃±5℃ kanye nomswakama ongu (65±20)%. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa lesitoreji sesiphepho, kwehlisa izinga elisele lomthamo, futhi okuphambene nalokho, indawo engcono kakhulu yokugcina ibhethri lapho izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi lingu-0℃-10℃, ikakhulukazi kumabhethri ayinhloko. Ngisho noma ibhethri lesibili lilahlekelwa umthamo walo ngemva kokulondolozwa, lingatholwa inqobo nje uma lishajwa futhi lishajwa izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Ngokombono, kuhlale kukhona ukulahleka kwamandla lapho ibhethri ligcinwa. Isakhiwo sebhethri se-electrochemical sinquma ukuthi umthamo webhethri ulahlekile nakanjani, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuzikhipha ngokwayo. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wokuzikhulula uhlobene nokuncibilika kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode ku-electrolyte kanye nokungazinzi kwayo (okufinyeleleka ukuzibola) ngemva kokushiswa. Ukuzikhiphela ngokwakho kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe kuphezulu kakhulu kunalawo amabhethri ayisisekelo.
Uma ufuna ukugcina ibhethri isikhathi eside, kungcono ukuyibeka endaweni eyomile nenezinga lokushisa eliphansi futhi ugcine amandla ebhethri asele cishe ku-40%. Yiqiniso, kungcono ukukhipha ibhethri kanye ngenyanga ukuze uqinisekise isimo esihle kakhulu sokugcina isiphepho, kodwa hhayi ukukhipha ngokuphelele ibhethri nokulimaza ibhethri.
57. Liyini ibhethri elijwayelekile?
Ibhethri elinqunywe ngamazwe ngamazwe njengezinga lokukala amandla (okungenzeka). Yasungulwa ngunjiniyela kagesi waseMelika u-E. Weston ngo-1892, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi ibhethri le-Weston.
I-electrode ephozithivu yebhethri evamile i-mercury sulfate electrode, i-electrode eyinegethivu i-cadmium amalgam metal (equkethe u-10% noma u-12.5%
58. Yiziphi izizathu ezingaba yi-zero voltage noma i-voltage ephansi yebhethri elilodwa?
01) Isekhethi yangaphandle emfishane noma ukushajwa ngokweqile noma ukushaja okuhlehliswayo kwebhethri (ukuchithwa okuphoqelekile);
02) Ibhethri ishajwa ngokuqhubekayo ngezinga eliphezulu kanye nephezulu-yamanje, okubangela ukuba umgogodla webhethri wande, futhi ama-electrode aqondile nama-negative athintwa ngokuqondile futhi afinyezwe;
03) Ibhethri linesekhethi emfishane noma linesekhethi kancane. Isibonelo, ukubekwa okungalungile kwezigxobo ezinhle nezimbi kubangela ukuthi ucezu lwesigxobo luthinte isifunda esifushane, ukuthintana kahle kwe-electrode, njll.
59. Yiziphi izizathu ezingaba yi-zero voltage noma i-voltage ephansi yephakethe lebhethri?
01) Ukuthi ibhethri elilodwa line-voltage enguziro;
I-02) Ipulaki i-short-circuited noma inqanyuliwe, futhi ukuxhuma kupulaki akukuhle;
03) I-Desoldering kanye ne-welding ebonakalayo yocingo lomthofu nebhethri;
04) Ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri akulungile, futhi ishidi lokuxhuma nebhethri kuyavuza, kuthengisiwe, futhi akuhlinzeki, njll.;
05) Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezingaphakathi kwebhethri zixhumeke ngokungalungile futhi zilimele.
60. Yiziphi izindlela zokulawula ukuvimbela ukushajwa kwebhethri?
Ukuze uvimbele ibhethri ukuthi lishajwe ngokweqile, kubalulekile ukulawula indawo yokushaja. Uma ibhethri seliqedile, kuzoba khona ulwazi oluthile oluhlukile elingalusebenzisa ukwahlulela ukuthi ukushajwa sekufike ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela eziyisithupha ezilandelayo zokuvimbela ibhethri ukuthi lishajwe ngokweqile:
01) Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage ephezulu: Thola ukuphela kokushaja ngokuthola i-voltage ephezulu yebhethri;
02) isilawuli se-dT/DT: Thola ukuphela kokushaja ngokuthola izinga lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lebhethri;
03) △ Ukulawula kwe-T: Uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa nezinga lokushisa elizungezile uzofinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu;
04) -△Isilawuli se-V: Uma ibhethri ishajwe ngokugcwele futhi ifinyelela ku-voltage ephezulu, i-voltage izokwehla ngevelu ethile;
I-05) Ukulawula isikhathi: lawula indawo yokugcina yokushaja ngokubeka isikhathi esithile sokushaja, ngokuvamile usethe isikhathi esidingekayo ukushaja i-130% yomthamo ojwayelekile wokusingatha;
61. Yiziphi izizathu okungenzeka ukuthi kungani ibhethri noma iphakethe lebhethri lingashajwa?
01) Ibhethri elinguziro-voltage noma ibhethri elinguziro-voltage ephaketheni lebhethri;
02) Iphakethe lebhethri linqanyuliwe, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zangaphakathi kanye nesekhethi yokuvikela akuvamile;
03) Impahla yokushaja inephutha, futhi akukho okuphumayo okwamanje;
04) Izinto zangaphandle zenza ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kube phansi kakhulu (njengokushisa okuphansi kakhulu noma okuphezulu kakhulu).
62. Yiziphi izizathu okungenzeka ukuthi kungani ingakwazi ukukhipha amabhethri namaphakethe ebhethri?
01) Impilo yebhethri izokwehla ngemuva kokugcinwa nokusetshenziswa;
02) Ukushaja okunganele noma ukungashaji;
03) Izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphansi kakhulu;
04) Ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kuphansi. Isibonelo, uma i-curse enkulu ishajwa, ibhethri elijwayelekile alikwazi ukukhulula ugesi ngenxa yokuthi isivinini sokusabalalisa sento engaphakathi ayikwazi ukuhambisana nesivinini sokusabela, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-voltage okubukhali.
63. Yiziphi izizathu ezingenzeka zesikhathi esifushane sokukhipha amabhethri namaphakethe ebhethri?
01) Ibhethri alishajiwe ngokugcwele, njengesikhathi sokushaja esinganele, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okuphansi, njll.;
I-02) Ukukhishwa kwamanje okwedlulele kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa futhi kufinyeze isikhathi sokukhipha;
03) Uma ibhethri likhishwa, izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphansi kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha kuncipha;
64. Kuyini ukushaja ngokweqile, futhi kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri?
Ukushajwa ngokweqile kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwebhethri lapho ishajwa ngokugcwele ngemva kwenqubo ethile yokushaja bese iqhubeka nokushajwa. Ukushajwa kwebhethri ye-Ni-MH kuveza lokhu okulandelayo:
I-electrode eqondile: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑;①
I-electrode engalungile: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ②
Njengoba umthamo we-electrode ongemuhle uphakeme kunomthamo we-electrode enhle ekwakhiweni, i-oksijini ekhiqizwa i-electrode enhle ihlanganiswa ne-hydrogen ekhiqizwa i-electrode engalungile ngephepha lesihlukanisi. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ngeke kwande kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kodwa uma ukushaja kwamanje kukhulu kakhulu, Noma uma isikhathi sokushaja siside kakhulu, umoya-mpilo okhiqiziwe uphuze kakhulu ukusetshenziswa, okungase kubangele ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi. ukukhuphuka, ukuguqulwa kwebhethri, ukuvuza koketshezi, nezinye izinto ezingathandeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izonciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kagesi.
65. Kuyini ukukhipha ngokweqile, futhi kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwebhethri?
Ngemva kokuba ibhethri selikhiphe amandla agcinwe ngaphakathi, ngemva kokuba i-voltage ifinyelela inani elithile, ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kuzobangela ukukhishwa ngokweqile. I-voltage yokunqamula ukukhishwa ngokuvamile inqunywa ngokusho kwamandla okukhipha. Ukuqhuma kwe-0.2C-2C ngokuvamile kusethelwa ku-1.0V/igatsha, 3C noma ngaphezulu, okufana no-5C, noma Ukukhishwa kwe-10C kusethelwe ku-0.8V/ucezu. Ukuchichima kakhulu kwebhethri kungase kulethe imiphumela eyinhlekelele ebhethrini, ikakhulukazi ukuchichima ngokweqile kwamanje noma ukuchichima kakhulu okuphindaphindiwe, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ebhethrini. Ngokuvamile, ukukhipha ngokweqile kuzonyusa amandla kagesi ebhethri kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo eziphozithivu nezingezinhle. Ukubuyisela emuva kushajiwe, noma ngabe kushajiwe, kungakubuyisela ingxenye, futhi umthamo uzoncishiswa kakhulu.
66. Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zokunwetshwa kwamabhethri aphinde ashajwe?
01) Isifunda sokuvikela ibhethri esingesihle;
02) Iseli yebhethri yanda ngaphandle komsebenzi wokuvikela;
03) Ukusebenza kweshaja kubi, futhi amandla okushaja makhulu kakhulu, okwenza ibhethri livuvuke;
04) Ibhethri ishajwa ngokuqhubekayo ngezinga eliphezulu namandla aphezulu;
05) Ibhethri iphoqeleka ukuthi ikhiphe ngokweqile;
06) Inkinga yokwakheka kwebhethri.
67. Kuyini ukuqhuma kwebhethri? Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuqhuma kwebhethri?
Into eqinile kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yebhethri ikhishwa khona lapho futhi iphushelwe ebangeni elingaphezu kuka-25cm ukusuka esiphepho, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuvikela yilezi:
01) Ungakhokhisi noma isifunda esifushane;
02) Sebenzisa okokusebenza okushaja kangcono ukushaja;
03) Izimbobo zokungena zebhethri kumele zihlale zivuliwe;
04) Naka ukuchithwa kokushisa lapho usebenzisa ibhethri;
05) Akuvunyelwe ukuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukene, amabhethri amasha namadala.
68. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezingxenye zokuvikela ibhethri kanye nobuhle bazo kanye nokubi?
Ithebula elilandelayo liwukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwezingxenye ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokuvikela ibhethri:
| NAME | IZINTO EZIBALULEKILE | EFFECT | OKUHLE | UKUPHUMELA |
| Ukushintsha okushisayo | I-PTC | Ukuvikeleka okuphezulu kwamanje kwephakethe lebhethri | Izwa ngokushesha izinguquko zamanje nezinga lokushisa kumjikelezo, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu noma lamanje liphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokushisa le-bimetal ekushintsheni lingafinyelela inani elilinganiselwe lenkinobho, futhi insimbi izohamba, engavikela. ibhethri nezinto zikagesi. | Ishidi lensimbi lingase lingacushwa kabusha ngemva kokukhubeka, okubangela ukuba umthamo webhethri wephakethe lehluleke ukusebenza. |
| Umvikeli wamanje | I-PTC | Iphakethe lebhethri ukuvikela i-overcurrent | Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumelana kwalesi sisetshenziswa kukhula ngokulandelana. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanje noma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka linani elithile, inani lokumelana lishintsha ngokuzumayo (liyakhuphuka) ukuze izinguquko zakamuva zibe izinga le-mA. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, lizobuyela kokujwayelekile. Ingasetshenziswa njengocezu lokuxhuma ibhethri ukuze ixhunywe ephaketheni lebhethri. | Intengo ephakeme |
| fuse | Izwa umjikelezo wesifunda kanye nezinga lokushisa | Uma i-current kusekethi idlula inani elilinganiselwe noma izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka linani elithile, i-fuse ishaya ukuze inqamule isekethe ukuze kuvikelwe iphakethe lebhethri nezinto zikagesi ekulimaleni. | Ngemuva kokuthi i-fuse ishaywa, ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa futhi idinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi, okuyinkinga. |
69. Liyini ibhethri eliphathwayo?
Iyaphatheka, okusho ukuthi kulula ukuyiphatha futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Amabhethri aphathekayo asetshenziswa kakhulu ukunikeza amandla kumadivayisi eselula, angenazintambo. Amabhethri amakhulu (isb., 4 kg noma ngaphezulu) awawona amabhethri aphathekayo. Ibhethri eliphathekayo elijwayelekile namuhla lingaba amagremu angamakhulu ambalwa.
Umndeni wamabhethri aphathekayo uhlanganisa amabhethri ayisisekelo namabhethri aphinde ashajwe (amabhethri esibili). Amabhethri ezinkinobho ayingxenye yeqembu elithile lawo.
70. Yiziphi izici zamabhethri aphathekayo aphinde ashajwe?
Ibhethri ngalinye liyisiguquli samandla. Ingakwazi ukuguqula ngokuqondile amandla amakhemikhali agciniwe abe amandla kagesi. Kumabhethri aphinde ashajwe, le nqubo ingachazwa kanje:
Ingakwazi ukujikelezisa ibhethri lesibili izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 ngale ndlela.
Kukhona amabhethri aphathekayo aphinde ashajwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-electrochemical, uhlobo lwe-lead-acid (2V/ucezu), uhlobo lwe-nickel-cadmium (1.2V/ucezu), uhlobo lwe-nickel-hydrogen (1.2V/essay), ibhethri ye-lithium-ion (3.6V/ isiqephu)); isici esivamile salezi zinhlobo zamabhethri ukuthi ane-voltage ekhishwa njalo (i-voltage plateau ngesikhathi sokukhishwa), futhi i-voltage ibola ngokushesha ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokukhululwa.
71. Ingabe ikhona ishaja engasetshenziselwa ukushajwa kabusha amabhethri?
Cha, ngoba noma iyiphi ishaja ihambisana kuphela nenqubo ethile yokushaja futhi ingaqhathanisa kuphela nendlela ethile ye-electrochemical, njenge-lithium-ion, i-lead-acid noma amabhethri e-Ni-MH. Abanazo nje izici ezihlukene ze-voltage kodwa futhi banezindlela ezihlukene zokushaja. Ishaja esheshayo eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile kuphela engenza ibhethri ye-Ni-MH ithole umphumela wokushaja ofaneleka kakhulu. Amashaja anensa angasetshenziswa uma edingeka, kodwa adinga isikhathi esengeziwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba amanye amashaja enamalebula afanelekayo, kufanele uqaphele lapho uwasebenzisa njengamashaja amabhethri kumasistimu ahlukene kagesi kagesi. Amalebula afanelekayo abonisa kuphela ukuthi idivayisi ithobelana namazinga e-European electrochemical noma amanye amazinga kazwelonke. Le lebula ayinikezi noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iluphi uhlobo lwebhethri elunge kulo. Akwenzeki ukushaja amabhethri e-Ni-MH ngamashaja angabizi. Imiphumela egculisayo izotholakala, futhi kunezingozi. Lokhu kufanele futhi kunakwe kwezinye izinhlobo zamashaja amabhethri.
72. Ingabe ibhethri ephathekayo engu-1.2V ekwazi ukushajwa kabusha engu-1.5V yebhethri ye-alkaline manganese?
Ibanga lamandla kagesi lamabhethri e-alkaline manganese ngesikhathi sokuphuma liphakathi kuka-1.5V no-0.9V, kuyilapho amandla ogesi angashintshi ebhethri elishajwa kabusha ingu-1.2V/igatsha lapho likhishwa. Le voltage icishe ilingane ne-avareji yebhethri ye-alkaline manganese. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa amabhethri aphinde ashajwe esikhundleni se-alkaline manganese. Amabhethri ayenzeka, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
73. Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nobubi bamabhethri aphinde ashajwe?
Inzuzo yamabhethri aphinde ashajwe ukuthi anempilo ende yesevisi. Ngisho noma ebiza kakhulu kunamabhethri ayisisekelo, ayonga kakhulu ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside. Amandla okulayisha amabhethri aphinde ashajwa angaphezulu kwalawo amabhethri amaningi ayinhloko. Kodwa-ke, i-voltage yokukhipha yamabhethri esibili ejwayelekile ayishintshi, futhi kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi ukuchithwa kuzophela nini ukuze kubangele ukuphazamiseka okuthile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anganikeza imishini yekhamera isikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa, umthamo omkhulu wokulayisha, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nokwehla kwe-voltage yokukhipha kuncipha ngokujula kokukhipha.
Amabhethri esibili avamile anezinga eliphezulu lokuzikhulula, afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu zamanje zokuzikhipha njengamakhamera edijithali, amathoyizi, amathuluzi kagesi, izibani eziphuthumayo, njll. Awafaneleki ezikhathini ezincane zamanje zokukhipha isikhathi eside njengezilawuli kude, izinsimbi zomnyango zomculo, njll. Izindawo ezingafanele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, njengamathoshi. Njengamanje, ibhethri ekahle ibhethri ye-lithium, cishe cishe zonke izinzuzo zesiphepho, futhi izinga lokuzikhulula lincane. Okubi kuphela ukuthi izidingo zokushaja nokukhipha ziqinile kakhulu, ziqinisekisa ukuphila.
74. Yiziphi izinzuzo zamabhethri e-NiMH? Yiziphi izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion?
Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-NiMH yilezi:
01) izindleko eziphansi;
02) Ukusebenza okuhle kokushaja okusheshayo;
03) Impilo yomjikelezo omude;
04) Awukho umphumela wenkumbulo;
05) akukho ukungcola, ibhethri eliluhlaza;
06) Ibanga lokushisa elibanzi;
07) Ukusebenza kahle kokuphepha.
Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion yilezi:
01) Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu;
02) I-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza;
03) Awukho umphumela wenkumbulo;
04) Impilo yomjikelezo omude;
05) akukho ukungcola;
06) Engasindi;
07) Ukuzikhipha okuncane.
75. Yiziphi izinzuzo amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate?
Isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate amabhethri anamandla, futhi izinzuzo zawo zibonakala ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
01) Impilo ende kakhulu;
02) Kuphephile ukusebenzisa;
03) Ukushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha nge-current enkulu;
04) Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu;
05) Umthamo omkhulu;
06) Awukho umphumela wenkumbulo;
07) Usayizi omncane futhi ongasindi;
08) Ukuvikelwa kohlaza kanye nemvelo.
76. Yiziphi izinzuzo amabhethri e-lithium polymer?
01) Ayikho inkinga yokuvuza kwebhethri. Ibhethri ayinayo i-electrolyte ewuketshezi futhi isebenzisa okuqinile kwe-colloidal;
02) Amabhethri azacile angenziwa: Ngomthamo we-3.6V no-400mAh, ukujiya kungaba mncane njengo-0.5mm;
03) Ibhethri ingaklanywa ibe yizimo ezihlukahlukene;
04) Ibhethri ingagotshwa futhi ikhubazekile: ibhethri le-polymer lingagotshwa lifike cishe ku-900;
I-05) Ingenziwa ibe yibhethri elilodwa le-high-voltage: amabhethri e-electrolyte anguketshezi angaxhunywa kuphela ochungechungeni ukuze athole i-high-voltage, amabhethri e-polymer;
06) Njengoba kungekho uketshezi, kungakwenza kube inhlanganisela ye-multi-layer engxenyeni eyodwa ukuze kuzuzwe amandla aphezulu;
07) Umthamo uzoba phezulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunebhethri ye-lithium-ion enosayizi ofanayo.
77. Uyini umgomo weshaja? Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko?
Ishaja iyisisetshenziswa esiguquguqukayo esimile esisebenzisa amandla kagesi we-semiconductor amadivaysi ukuguqula i-alternating current ne-voltage engaguquki kanye nefrikhwensi ibe yamanje eqondile. Kunamashaja amaningi, njengamashaja ebhethri ane-asidi eholayo, ukuhlola ibhethri le-asidi eholayo elawulwa yi-valve, ukuqapha, amashaja ebhethri le-nickel-cadmium, amashaja ebhethri e-nickel-hydrogen, namashaja amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amashaja ebhethri e-lithium-ion. kumishini kagesi ephathekayo, ishaja yebhethri ye-Lithium-ion yokuvikela imisebenzi eminingi, ishaja yebhethri yemoto kagesi, njll.
78. Ungawahlukanisa kanjani amabhethri?
Ibhethri lekhemikhali:
Amabhethri ayisisekelo-i-carbon-zinc omile amabhethri, amabhethri e-alkaline-manganese, amabhethri e-lithium, amabhethri okusebenza, amabhethri e-zinc-mercury, amabhethri e-cadmium-mercury, amabhethri e-zinc-air, amabhethri e-zinc-Silver, namabhethri e-electrolyte aqinile (amabhethri e-iodine esiliva) , njll.
Amabhethri esibili aholayo, amabhethri e-Ni-Cd, amabhethri e-Ni-MH, Amabhethri e-Li-ion, amabhethri e-sodium-sulfur, njll.
Amanye amabhethri-amabhethri e-fuel cell, amabhethri omoya, amabhethri amancane, amabhethri alula, amabhethri e-nano, njll.
Ibhethri elingokoqobo: -iseli yelanga (iseli yelanga)
79. Iliphi ibhethri elizobusa imakethe yamabhethri?
Njengamakhamera, omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo, amakhompyutha wezincwadi, nezinye izisetshenziswa ze-multimedia ezinezithombe noma imisindo zithola ezikhundleni ezibucayi kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri ayinhloko, amabhethri esibili nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi kule mikhakha. Ibhethri lesibili elishajwa kabusha lizokhula libe ngosayizi omncane, elingasindi, liphezulu, kanye nobuhlakani.
80. Liyini ibhethri lesibili elihlakaniphile?
I-chip ifakiwe ebhethrini elihlakaniphile, elinikeza amandla kudivayisi futhi lilawule imisebenzi yalo eyinhloko. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lungaphinda lubonise umthamo oyinsalela, inani lemijikelezo ejikelezwe, kanye nezinga lokushisa. Nokho, alikho ibhethri elihlakaniphile emakethe. Izothatha isikhundla semakethe esibalulekile ngokuzayo, ikakhulukazi kuma-camcorder, amafoni angenazintambo, omakhalekhukhwini, namakhompyutha wamabhuku.
81. Liyini ibhethri lephepha?
Ibhethri lephepha liwuhlobo olusha lwebhethri; izingxenye zayo zihlanganisa electrode, electrolyte, futhi separators. Ngokuqondile, lolu hlobo olusha lwebhethri yephepha lwakhiwe ngephepha le-cellulose elifakwe ngama-electrode nama-electrolyte, futhi iphepha le-cellulose lisebenza njengesihlukanisi. Ama-electrode ama-carbon nanotubes angezwe ku-cellulose kanye ne-metallic lithium embozwe kwifilimu eyenziwe nge-cellulose, futhi i-electrolyte iyisisombululo se-lithium hexafluorophosphate. Leli bhethri lingagoqwa futhi liwugqinsi njengephepha kuphela. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yezakhiwo eziningi zaleli bhethri lephepha, lizoba uhlobo olusha lwedivayisi yokugcina amandla.
82. Iyini iseli ye-photovoltaic?
I-Photocell iyisici se-semiconductor ekhiqiza amandla e-electromotive ngaphansi kwemisebe yokukhanya. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaseli e-photovoltaic, njengamaseli e-selenium photovoltaic, amaseli e-silicon photovoltaic, i-thallium sulfide, namaseli e-photovoltaic esiliva sulfide. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-instrumentation, i-telemetry ezenzakalelayo, nokulawula kude. Amanye amaseli e-photovoltaic angaguqula ngokuqondile amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi. Lolu hlobo lweseli ye-photovoltaic lubizwa nangokuthi i-solar cell.
83. Yini iseli yelanga? Yiziphi izinzuzo zamaseli elanga?
Amaseli elanga angamathuluzi aguqula amandla okukhanya (ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwelanga) abe amandla kagesi. Umgomo umphumela we-photovoltaic; okungukuthi, inkambu kagesi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-PN junction ihlukanisa abathwali abakhiqizwe isithombe ezinhlangothini ezimbili ze-junction ukuze bakhiqize i-voltage ye-photovoltaic futhi ixhumeke kumjikelezo wangaphandle ukuze wenze ukuphuma kwamandla. Amandla amangqamuzana elanga ahlobene nokuqina kokukhanya—lapho ukuqina kakhulu ekuseni, amandla okukhipha amandla anamandla.
Isistimu yelanga kulula ukuyifaka, kulula ukunweba, ukuhlakazeka, futhi inezinye izinzuzo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nakho ukonga kakhulu, futhi akukho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simiso simelana nokuhuzuka komshini; isimiso sonozungezilanga sidinga amaseli elanga anokwethenjelwa ukuze athole futhi agcine amandla elanga. Amaseli elanga ajwayelekile anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
01) Amandla okumunca aphezulu;
02) Impilo yomjikelezo omude;
03) Ukusebenza okuhle okushajwa kabusha;
04) Akukho ukulungiswa okudingekayo.
84. Yini i-fuel cell? Indlela yokuhlukanisa?
I-fuel cell iwuhlelo lwe-electrochemical oluguqula ngokuqondile amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi.
Indlela evamile yokuhlukanisa isekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-electrolyte. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ama-fuel cell angahlukaniswa abe ama-alkaline fuel cell. Ngokuvamile, i-potassium hydroxide njenge-electrolyte; i-phosphoric acid uhlobo lwamaseli amafutha, asebenzisa i-phosphoric acid egxilile njenge-electrolyte; i-proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Sebenzisa i-perfluorinated noma ingxenye ye-fluorinated sulfonic acid uhlobo lwe-proton exchange membrane njenge-electrolyte; iseli encibilikisiwe ye-carbonate fuel cell, isebenzisa i-lithium-potassium carbonate encibilikisiwe noma i-lithium-sodium carbonate njenge-electrolyte; i-solid oxide fuel cell, Sebenzisa ama-oxide aqinile njengama-ion conductors omoya-mpilo, njenge-yttria-stabilized zirconia membranes njengama-electrolyte. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhethri ahlukaniswa ngokwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri, futhi ahlukaniswa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi (izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingaphansi kuka-100℃) amaseli kaphethiloli, afaka amaseli kaphethiloli we-alkaline kanye namaseli kaphethiloli okushintshana kwe-proton; amaseli okushisa aphakathi nendawo (izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo ku-100-300 ℃), okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-bacon uhlobo lwe-alkaline fuel cell kanye nohlobo lwe-phosphoric acid fuel cell; izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likaphethiloli (izinga lokushisa elisebenza ku-600-1000 ℃), okuhlanganisa iseli elincibilikisiwe le-carbonate fuel cell kanye ne-solid oxide fuel cell.
85. Kungani ama-fuel cell enekhono elihle lokuthuthuka?
Kule minyaka eyishumi noma emibili edlule, i-United States iye yanaka ngokukhethekile ukwakhiwa kwama-fuel cell. Ngokuphambene, iJapane iye yenza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ngamandla okusekelwe ekwethulweni kobuchwepheshe baseMelika. I-fuel cell idonse ukunaka kwamanye amazwe athuthukile ikakhulukazi ngoba inalezi zinzuzo ezilandelayo:
01) Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli aguqulwa ngokuqondile abe amandla kagesi, ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa phakathi nendawo, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa akunqunyelwe umjikelezo we-thermodynamic Carnot; ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukuguqulwa kwamandla omshini, kungagwema ukulahlekelwa kokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa akuxhomeki esikalini sokukhiqiza amandla Futhi ukuguqulwa, ngakho-ke i-fuel cell inokusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqulwa;
02) Umsindo ophansi nokungcola okuphansi. Ekuguquleni amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi, i-fuel cell ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo zemishini, kodwa isistimu yokulawula inezici ezincane, ngakho inomsindo ophansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-fuel cell nawo angumthombo wamandla angangcolisi kakhulu. Thatha i-phosphoric acid fuel cell njengesibonelo; ama-sulphur oxides nama-nitride ewakhiphayo angama-oda amabili obukhulu aphansi kunezindinganiso ezibekwe yi-United States;
03) Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile. Amangqamuzana kaphethiloli angasebenzisa izinto zokubasa eziqukethe i-hydrogen, njenge-methane, i-methanol, i-ethanol, i-biogas, i-petroleum gas, igesi yemvelo, negesi yokwenziwa. I-oxidizer umoya ongashi futhi ongashi. Ingenza amaseli kaphethiloli abe izingxenye ezijwayelekile ezinamandla athile (njengama-kilowatts angu-40), ahlanganiswe abe amandla ahlukene nezinhlobo ngokuya ngezidingo zabasebenzisi, futhi afakwe endaweni elula kakhulu. Uma kunesidingo, ingabuye isungulwe njengesiteshi esikhulu samandla futhi isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nohlelo olujwayelekile lokuhlinzeka ngogesi, oluzosiza ukulawula umthwalo kagesi;
04) Isikhathi sokwakha esifushane kanye nokugcinwa kalula. Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zama-fuel cell, ingaqhubeka nokukhiqiza izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezijwayelekile zamadivayisi okukhiqiza amandla ezimbonini. Kulula ukuyithwala futhi ingahlanganiswa esizeni esiteshini sikagesi. Othile ulinganisele ukuthi ukugcinwa kwe-40-kilowatt phosphoric acid fuel cell kungamaphesenti angama-25 kuphela wejeneretha kadizili yamandla afanayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-fuel cell anezinzuzo eziningi kangaka, i-United States neJapane abheka ukuthuthuka kwawo kubaluleke kakhulu.
86. Yini ibhethri le-nano?
I-Nano ingamamitha angu-10-9, futhi i-nano-ibhethri iyibhethri elenziwe ngama-nanomaterials (njenge-nano-MnO2, LiMn2O4, Ni(OH)2, njll.). Ama-Nanomatadium anezakhiwo ezincane eziyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali (ezifana nemiphumela yesayizi ye-quantum, imiphumela yangaphezulu, imiphumela ye-quantum yomhubhe, njll.). Njengamanje, ibhethri le-nano elivuthiwe lasekhaya ibhethri le-carbon fiber elicushwe yi-nano. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, izithuthuthu zikagesi, nama-mopeds kagesi. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lungashajwa imijikelezo engu-1,000 futhi lusetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engu-20 kuphela ukushaja ngesikhathi, ukuhamba komgwaqo oyisicaba kungu-400km, kanti isisindo singu-128kg, esedlule izinga lezimoto zamabhethri e-United States, Japan nakwamanye amazwe. Amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride adinga amahora angu-6-8 ukushaja, kanti umgwaqo oyisicaba uhamba amakhilomitha angu-300.
87. Liyini ibhethri le-lithium-ion lepulasitiki?
Njengamanje, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yepulasitiki ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ion-conducting polymer njenge-electrolyte. Le polymer ingaba yomile noma i-colloidal.
88. Iyiphi into esetshenziswa kangcono kumabhethri ashajwayo?
Amabhethri aphinde ashajwe afaneleka ngokukhethekile izinto zikagesi ezidinga ukutholakala kwamandla aphezulu noma okokusebenza okudinga ukuchithwa okukhulu kwamanje, njengezidlali eziphathwayo ezizodwa, izidlali ze-CD, imisakazo emincane, imidlalo ye-elekthronikhi, amathoyizi kagesi, izinto zasendlini, amakhamera ochwepheshe, omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo, amakhompiyutha ezincwadi nezinye izinto ezidinga amandla aphezulu. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi amabhethri aphinde ashajwe kumishini engavamile ukusetshenziswa ngoba ukuzikhiphela ngokwayo amabhethri aphinde ashajwe kukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Noma kunjalo, uma okokusebenza kudinga ukushajwa ngamandla amakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe amabhethri aphinde ashajwe. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe okokusebenza okufanele ngokwemiyalelo enikezwe umenzi. Ibhethri.
89. Ayini ama-voltage nezindawo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri?
| IMODEL YEBHETHI | voltage | SEBENZISA INSIMU |
| I-SLI (injini) | 6V noma ngaphezulu | Izimoto, izimoto zezentengiselwano, izithuthuthu, njll. |
| lithium battery | 6V | Ikhamera njll. |
| Ibhethri Lenkinobho Ye-Lithium Manganese | 3V | Izibali zephakethe, amawashi, izisetshenziswa zesilawuli kude, njll. |
| Ibhethri Lenkinobho Ye-oksijeni Yesiliva | 1.55V | Amawashi, amawashi amancane, njll. |
| Ibhethri eyindilinga ye-alkaline manganese | 1.5V | Imishini yevidiyo ephathekayo, amakhamera, ama-consoles wegeyimu, njll. |
| Ibhethri yenkinobho ye-alkaline manganese | 1.5V | I-Pocket calculator, izinto zikagesi, njll. |
| Ibhethri Le-Zinc Carbon Round | 1.5V | Ama-alamu, izibani ezikhanyayo, amathoyizi, njll. |
| Ibhethri lenkinobho ye-Zinc-air | 1.4V | Izinsiza zokuzwa, njll. |
| Ibhethri yenkinobho ye-MnO2 | 1.35V | Izinsiza-kuzwa, amakhamera, njll. |
| Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium | 1.2V | Amathuluzi kagesi, amakhamera aphathwayo, omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo, amathoyizi kagesi, izibani eziphuthumayo, amabhayisikili kagesi, njll. |
| Amabhethri e-NiMH | 1.2V | Omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo, amakhamera aphathwayo, izincwadi zokubhalela, izibani zezimo eziphuthumayo, izinto zasendlini, njll. |
| Ibhethri leLithium Ion | 3.6V | Amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha wamabhuku, njll. |
90. Yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhethri aphinde ashajwe? Yiziphi izisetshenziswa ezifanele ngayinye?
| I-TYPE YEMBATTERY | EZIPHUMA | IZIHLOKO ZOKUSEBENZA |
| Ibhethri eliyindilinga le-Ni-MH | Amandla aphezulu, anobungani bemvelo (ngaphandle kwemercury, lead, cadmium), ukuvikelwa kwe-overcharge | Izinto ezilalelwayo, iziqopha-vidiyo, omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo, amalambu ezimo eziphuthumayo, amakhompyutha wamanothi |
| Ibhethri le-Ni-MH leprismatic | Amandla aphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcharge | Izinto ezilalelwayo, iziqopha-vidiyo, omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo, amalambu ezimo eziphuthumayo, amakhompyutha aphathekayo |
| Ibhethri yenkinobho ye-Ni-MH | Amandla aphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcharge | Omakhalekhukhwini, amafoni angenazintambo |
| Ibhethri eliyindilinga le-nickel-cadmium | Umthamo wokulayisha ophezulu | Imishini yomsindo, amathuluzi kagesi |
| Ibhethri yenkinobho ye-nickel-cadmium | Umthamo wokulayisha ophezulu | Ifoni engenazintambo, inkumbulo |
| Ibhethri leLithium Ion | Umthamo omkhulu wokulayisha, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu | Omakhalekhukhwini, ama-laptops, amarekhodi amavidiyo |
| Amabhethri e-lead-acid | Intengo eshibhile, ukucubungula okulula, impilo ephansi, isisindo esinzima | Imikhumbi, izimoto, amalambu abavukuzi, njll. |
91. Yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhethri asetshenziswa kumalambu aphuthumayo?
01) Ibhethri ye-Ni-MH evaliwe;
02) Ibhethri ye-valve ye-lead-acid eshintshwayo;
03) Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri nazo zingasetshenziswa uma zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha nokusebenza kwe-IEC 60598 (2000) (ingxenye yokukhanya okuphuthumayo) (ingxenye yokukhanya okuphuthumayo).
92. Ingakanani impilo yesevisi yamabhethri angashajwa kabusha asetshenziswa kumafoni angenazintambo?
Ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile, impilo yesevisi iyiminyaka engu-2-3 noma ngaphezulu. Uma izimo ezilandelayo zenzeka, ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa:
01) Ngemva kokushaja, isikhathi sokukhuluma sifushane kunesodwa;
I-02) Isignali yocingo ayicacile ngokwanele, umphumela wokwamukela awucacile kakhulu, futhi umsindo ukhulu;
03) Ibanga phakathi kwefoni engenazintambo kanye nesisekelo lidinga ukusondela; okungukuthi, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kocingo olungenazintambo luya ngokuya luba luncane futhi luncipha.
93. Yikuphi engasebenzisa uhlobo lwebhethri kumadivaysi okulawula okude?
Ingasebenzisa kuphela isilawuli kude ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri isendaweni yayo engashintshi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri e-zinc-carbon zingasetshenziswa kwamanye amadivaysi okulawula kude. Iziqondiso ezijwayelekile ze-IEC zingabakhomba. Amabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-AAA, AA, namabhethri amakhulu angu-9V. Futhi kuyisinqumo esingcono ukusebenzisa amabhethri e-alkaline. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lungahlinzeka ngokuphindwe kabili isikhathi sokusebenza sebhethri le-zinc-carbon. Angabuye ahlonzwe ngezindinganiso ze-IEC (LR03, LR6, 6LR61). Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi idivayisi yesilawuli kude idinga kuphela isimanje esincane, ibhethri le-zinc-carbon iyonga ukusetshenziswa.
Ingase futhi isebenzise amabhethri esibili aphinde ashajwe, kodwa asetshenziswa kumadivayisi okulawula kude. Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuzikhulula kwamabhethri esibili adinga ukushajwa kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngakho lolu hlobo lwebhethri alusebenzi.
94. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yebhethri ezikhona? Yiziphi izindawo zokufaka izicelo ezifanele?
Izindawo ezisetshenziswayo zamabhethri e-NiMH zifaka kodwa azikhawulelwe kulokhu:
Amabhayisikili kagesi, amafoni angenazintambo, amathoyizi kagesi, amathuluzi kagesi, izibani eziphuthumayo, izinto zasendlini, amathuluzi, izibani zabavukuzi, ama-walkie-talkies.
Izindawo zokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion zifaka kodwa azikhawulelwe kulokhu:
Amabhayisikili kagesi, izimoto zamathoyizi elawulwa kude, omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompiyutha ezincwadi, amadivaysi eselula ahlukahlukene, izidlali zediski ezincane, amakhamera wevidiyo amancane, amakhamera edijithali, ama-walkie-talkies.
95. Ibhethri linamuphi umthelela endaweni ezungezile?
Cishe wonke amabhethri namuhla awanayo i-mercury, kodwa izinsimbi ezisindayo ziseyingxenye ebalulekile yamabhethri e-mercury, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium aphinde ashajwe, namabhethri e-lead-acid. Uma zingaphathwa kahle futhi ziziningi, lezi zinsimbi ezisindayo zizolimaza imvelo. Njengamanje, kukhona ama-ejensi akhethekile emhlabeni agaya kabusha i-manganese oxide, i-nickel-cadmium, namabhethri e-lead-acid, isibonelo, inkampani engenzi nzuzo i-RBRC.
96. Uyini umthelela wokushisa kwe-ambient ekusebenzeni kwebhethri?
Phakathi kwazo zonke izici zemvelo, izinga lokushisa linomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ekushajweni nasekukhipheni ukusebenza kwebhethri. Ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-electrode/electrolyte kuhlobene nezinga lokushisa elizungezile, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo se-electrode/electrolyte sithathwa njengenhliziyo yebhethri. Uma izinga lokushisa lehla, izinga lokuphendula le-electrode nalo liyehla. Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-voltage yebhethri ihlala ingashintshi futhi amandla okuphuma ayancipha, ukuphuma kwamandla ebhethri nakho kuzokwehla. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, okuphambene kuyiqiniso; amandla okukhipha ibhethri azokwanda. Izinga lokushisa liphinde lithinte isivinini sokudlulisa se-electrolyte. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuzosheshisa ukudluliswa, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuzonciphisa ulwazi, futhi ukushajwa kwebhethri nokusebenza kokukhipha nakho kuzothinteka. Nokho, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, lingaphezu kuka-45°C, lizobhubhisa ibhalansi yamakhemikhali ebhethrini futhi libangele ukusabela okuseceleni.
97. Liyini ibhethri eliluhlaza?
Ibhethri yokuvikela imvelo eluhlaza ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwesichotho esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esingangcolisi esisetshenziswe eminyakeni yamuva noma esacwaningwayo futhi sathuthukiswa. Njengamanje, amabhethri e-metal hydride nickel, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri ayisisekelo angena-mercury ane-alkaline zinc-manganese, amabhethri aphinde ashajwe asetshenziswe kabanzi, namabhethri epulasitiki e-lithium noma i-lithium-ion namaseli kaphethiloli acwaningwayo futhi athuthukiswayo awela phakathi. lesi sigaba. Isigaba esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli elanga (owaziwa nangokuthi i-photovoltaic power generation) asetshenziswe kabanzi futhi asebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric nawo angafakwa kulesi sigaba.
I-Technology Co., Ltd. izibophezele ekucwaningeni nasekunikezeni amabhethri angangeni kwemvelo (Ni-MH, Li-ion). Imikhiqizo yethu ihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile ze-ROTHS kusukela ezintweni zebhethri zangaphakathi (ama-electrode amahle nabi) kuya ezintweni zokupakisha zangaphandle.
98. Ayini "amabhethri aluhlaza" asetshenziswayo futhi acwaningwayo njengamanje?
Uhlobo olusha lwebhethri eliluhlaza nelivumelana nemvelo lisho uhlobo olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Leli bhethri elingangcolisi selisetshenzisiwe noma liyathuthukiswa eminyakeni yakamuva. Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-metal hydride nickel, namabhethri e-alkaline-zinc-manganese angenayo imercury asesetshenziswe kabanzi, kanye namabhethri epulasitiki e-lithium-ion, amabhethri avuthayo, nama-supercapacitor okugcina amandla e-electrochemical athuthukiswayo konke. izinhlobo ezintsha-isigaba samabhethri aluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli elanga asebenzisa amandla elanga ekuguquleni i-photoelectric asetshenziswe kabanzi.
99. Ziphi izingozi ezinkulu zamabhethri asetshenzisiwe?
Amabhethri kadoti ayingozi empilweni yomuntu kanye nendawo ezungezile futhi asohlwini lokulawulwa kukadoti oyingozi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amabhethri ane-mercury, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-mercury oxide; amabhethri e-lead-acid: amabhethri aqukethe i-cadmium, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium. Ngenxa yokulahlwa kukadoti wamabhethri, lawa mabhethri azongcolisa umhlabathi, amanzi futhi abangele ukulimala empilweni yabantu ngokudla imifino, izinhlanzi nokunye ukudla.
100. Yiziphi izindlela zokuthi amabhethri kadoti angcolise imvelo?
Izinto eziyingxenye yalawa mabhethri zivaliwe ngaphakathi kwekesi lebhethri ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa futhi ngeke kuthinte indawo ezungezile. Nokho, ngemva kokuguga nokugqwala kwemishini isikhathi eside, izinsimbi ezisindayo nama-asidi, nama-alkali angaphakathi avuzayo, angena enhlabathini noma emithonjeni yamanzi futhi angene ochungechungeni lokudla kwabantu ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Yonke le nqubo ichazwa kafushane kanje: inhlabathi noma umthombo wamanzi-ama-microorganisms-izilwane-ezijikeleza uthuli-izitshalo-ukudla-umzimba womuntu-izinzwa-deposition kanye nezifo. Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezimukelwe endaweni ezungezile ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezigaywe ukudla kwezitshalo ezitholakala emanzini zingangena ku-biomagnification ochungechungeni lokudla, zinqwabelene ezinkulungwaneni zezinto eziphilayo ezisezingeni eliphakeme isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, zingene emzimbeni womuntu ngokudla, futhi zinqwabelene ezithweni ezithile. Banga ubuthi obungapheli.
phendula kungakapheli amahora angu-6, noma yimiphi imibuzo wamukelekile!
