By hoppt
Ukuqonda imbangela noma indlela yokwehluleka kwamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwebhethri kanye nokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinga elikhulu. Lesi sihloko sidingida imiphumela yokungcola, izindlela zokwakha, izimo zesitoreji, ukugaywa kabusha, ukushajwa ngokweqile, nokukhipha ngokweqile ekuhlulekeni kwebhethri.
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, abasebenzi, izinto zokusebenza, izinto ezingavuthiwe, izindlela, kanye nemvelo yizinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4, abasebenzi kanye nemishini kuyingxenye yokuphatha, ngakho-ke sixoxa ngokuyinhloko ngesici semiphumela emithathu yokugcina.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-LiFePO4, kuzoba nenani elincane lokungcola okufana ne-Fe2O3 ne-Fe. Lokhu kungcola kuzoncishiswa ebusweni be-electrode engalungile futhi kungase kubhoboze i-diaphragm futhi kubangele ukujikeleza okufushane kwangaphakathi. Uma i-LiFePO4 ivezwa emoyeni isikhathi eside, umswakama uzowohloka ibhethri. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuguga, i-amorphous iron phosphate yakheka ebusweni bento. Ukubunjwa kwayo kwendawo kanye nesakhiwo kufana ne-LiFePO4(OH); ngokufakwa kwe-OH, i-LiFePO4 isetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, Ibonakala njengokwenyuka kwevolumu; kamuva i-recrystallized kancane ukuze yakhe i-LiFePO4(OH). Ukungcola kwe-Li3PO4 ku-LiFePO4 i-electrochemically inert. Uma kuphakeme okuqukethwe okungcolile kwe-graphite anode, kukhulu ukulahleka kwamandla okungenakuhlehliswa.
Ukulahlekelwa okungenakuhlehliswa kwama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo kuqala kuboniswa kuma-ion e-lithium asetshenziswa ngenkathi kwakhiwa ulwelwesi oluqinile lwe-electrolyte interfacial. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lokwakheka kuzodala ukulahleka okungenakuhlehliswa kwe-lithium ion. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokwakheka likhuphuka, ingxenye yezingxenye ezingaphili kufilimu ye-SEI izokhula. Igesi ekhishwe ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa isuka engxenyeni ye-organic ROCO2Li iye engxenyeni ye-inorganic Li2CO3 izodala ukukhubazeka okwengeziwe kwifilimu ye-SEI. Inani elikhulu lama-ion e-lithium axazululwa yilawa maphutha azoshumeka ku-electrode eyi-graphite engalungile.
Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, ukubunjwa nokuqina kwefilimu ye-SEI eyakhiwe ukushaja okuphansi kwamanje kufana kodwa kudla isikhathi; ukushaja okuphezulu kwamanje kuzodala ukusabela okuseceleni okwengeziwe, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-lithium-ion okungenakuhlehliswa kanye ne-negative interface ye-electrode impedance nayo izokhuphuka, kodwa yonga isikhathi. Isikhathi; Kulezi zinsuku, imodi yokwakheka kwamandla kagesi amancane amanje-amanje amakhulu asetshenziswa njalo ukuze ikwazi ukucabangela izinzuzo zakho zombili.
Emkhiqizweni wangempela, ibhethri izothintana nomoya nakanjani ngoba izinto ezinhle nezingezinhle ngokuvamile ziyizinhlayiya ezinosayizi we-micron noma we-nano, futhi ama-athomu ancibilikayo ku-electrolyte anamaqembu amakhulu e-electronegative carbonyl kanye ne-metastable carbon-carbon double bond. Zonke zimunca kalula umswakama emoyeni.
Ama-molecule amanzi asabela ngosawoti we-lithium (ikakhulukazi i-LiPF6) ku-electrolyte, ebola futhi idle i-electrolyte (ibola ibe yi-PF5) futhi ikhiqize into ene-asidi i-HF. Kokubili i-PF5 ne-HF izobhubhisa ifilimu ye-SEI, futhi i-HF izophinde ikhuthaze ukugqwala kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-LiFePO4. Ama-molecule wamanzi azophinda enze i-lithium-intercalated graphite negative electrode, enze i-lithium hydroxide phansi kwefilimu ye-SEI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-O2 encibilikisiwe ku-electrolyte izophinde isheshise ukuguga Amabhethri e-LiFePO4.
Enkambisweni yokukhiqiza, ngaphezu kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ethinta ukusebenza kwebhethri, izici eziyinhloko ezibangela ukwehluleka kwebhethri yamandla we-LiFePO4 zifaka ukungcola kwezinto zokusetshenziswa (kuhlanganise namanzi) kanye nenqubo yokwakheka, ngakho-ke ukuhlanzeka kwebhethri. izinto ezibonakalayo, ukulawulwa kokuswakama kwemvelo, indlela yokwakheka, njll. Izici zibalulekile.
Ngesikhathi sempilo yesevisi yebhethri lamandla, isikhathi esiningi sisesimweni sokushelufa. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokubeka ishalofu, ukusebenza kwebhethri kuzokwehla, ngokuvamile kubonisa ukwanda kokumelana nangaphakathi, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, nokuncipha kwamandla okukhipha. Izinto eziningi ezidala ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwebhethri, izinga lokushisa, isimo sokushajwa, nesikhathi okuyizici ezibonakala zinomthelela.
Kassem et al. ihlaziye ukuguga kwamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4 ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokugcina. Babekholelwa ukuthi indlela yokuguga ngokuyinhloko iwukusabela okuseceleni kwama-electrode amahle namabi. I-electrolyte (uma kuqhathaniswa nokusabela ohlangothini lwe-electrode enhle, ukusabela ohlangothini lwe-electrode engalungile ye-graphite kunzima, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa i-solvent. Ukubola, ukukhula kwefilimu ye-SEI) kudla i-lithium ions esebenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-impedance ephelele yebhethri iyanda, ukulahlekelwa kwe-lithium ion esebenzayo kuholela ekugugeni kwebhethri uma ishiywe. Ukulahlekelwa umthamo wamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4 kukhuphuka ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lokugcina. Ngokuphambene, njengoba isimo sesitoreji sikhula, ukulahlekelwa umthamo kuba kuncane kakhulu.
Grolleau et al. futhi kwafinyelela esiphethweni esifanayo: izinga lokushisa lokugcina linomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ekugugeni kwamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4, okulandelwa yisimo sokugcina sokushaja, futhi kuhlongozwa imodeli elula. Ingakwazi ukubikezela ukulahlekelwa umthamo webhethri yamandla we-LiFePO4 ngokusekelwe ezicini ezihlobene nesikhathi sokulondoloza (izinga lokushisa kanye nesimo sokushaja). Esimweni esithile se-SOC, njengoba isikhathi seshalofu sikhula, i-lithium ku-graphite izosakazeka onqenqemeni, yakhe inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi ne-electrolyte nama-electron, okuholela ekwandeni kwengxenye ye-lithium ion engenakuhlehliswa, ukuqina kwe-SEI, kanye ne-conductivity. Ukwanda kokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukwehla (izingxenye ze-inorganic ziyanda, futhi ezinye ziba nethuba lokuphinda zihlakazeke) kanye nokuncipha komsebenzi we-electrode ndawonye kubangela ukuguga kwebhethri.
Kungakhathaliseki isimo sokushaja noma isimo sokushajwa, i-calorierimetry yokuskena ehlukile ayitholanga noma yikuphi ukusabela phakathi kwe-LiFePO4 nama-electrolyte ahlukene (i-electrolyte iyi-LiBF4, i-LiAsF6, noma i-LiPF6) ebangeni lokushisa ukusuka kuzinga lokushisa legumbi ukuya ku-85°C. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-LiFePO4 icwiliswa ku-electrolyte ye-LiPF6 isikhathi eside, isazobonisa ukuphinda kusebenze okuthile. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusabela kokwenza isixhumi esibonakalayo kunwetshiwe, akukabi bikho ifilimu ye-passivation ebusweni be-LiFePO4 ukuvimbela ukusabela okwengeziwe nge-electrolyte ngemva kokucwiliswa inyanga eyodwa.
Esimweni sokubeka amashelufu, izimo ezimbi zokugcina (ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nesimo esiphezulu sokushaja) kuzokwandisa izinga lokuzikhipha kwebhethri yamandla ye-LiFePO4, okwenza ibhethri iguge ibe sobala kakhulu.
Amabhethri ngokuvamile akhipha ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ngakho umthelela wezinga lokushisa ubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zomgwaqo, ukusetshenziswa, nezinga lokushisa le-ambient konke kuzoba nemiphumela ehlukile.
Ukulahleka kwama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo ngokuvamile kubangela ukulahlekelwa umthamo wamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4 ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili. UDubarry et al. wabonisa ukuthi ukuguga kwamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4 ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yenqubo yokukhula eyinkimbinkimbi esebenzisa ifilimu ye-lithium-ion SEI esebenzayo. Kule nqubo, ukulahlekelwa kwe-lithium ion esebenzayo kunciphisa ngokuqondile izinga lokugcinwa komthamo webhethri; ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwefilimu ye-SEI, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukwanda kokumelana ne-polarization kwebhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu befilimu ye-SEI bukhulu kakhulu, nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical kwe-graphite anode. Izokwenza umsebenzi ungasebenzi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-Fe2+ ku-LiFePO4 izoncibilika ngokwezinga elithile. Nakuba inani le-Fe2+ elincibilikisiwe lingenawo umthelela obalulekile kumthamo we-electrode ephozithivu, ukuhlakazeka kwe-Fe2+ kanye nemvula engu-Fe ku-electrode eyi-graphite engalungile kuzodlala indima enkulu ekukhuleni kwefilimu ye-SEI. . U-Tan uhlaziye ukuthi kuphi futhi kuphi ama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo alahlekile futhi wathola ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okuningi kwama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo kwenzeka ebusweni be-electrode ye-graphite engalungile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nemijikelezo yokushisa okuphezulu, okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla omjikelezo ophezulu wezinga lokushisa. liyashesha, futhi lifingqa ifilimu ye-SEI Kunezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokulimala nokulungisa:
Ngokungeziwe ekulahlekeni kwama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo, kokubili izinto ezinhle nezingezinhle zizowohloka ngesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha. Ukuvela kokuqhekeka ku-electrode ye-LiFePO4 ngesikhathi sokuvuselela kuzobangela ukuthi i-electrode polarization yande kanye nokuhamba phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye ne-ejenti eqhubayo noma umqoqi wamanje wehle. I-Nagpure isebenzise i-Scanning Extended Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) ukuze ifunde kancane kancane izinguquko ze-LiFePO4 ngemva kokuguga futhi yathola ukuthi ukugoqa kwe-LiFePO4 nanoparticles kanye namadiphozithi angaphezulu akhiqizwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali athile ndawonye kwaholela ekwandeni kokuvinjelwa kwe-LiFePO4 cathodes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwendawo esebenzayo kanye nokukhishwa kwama-electrode e-graphite okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ze-graphite nakho kubhekwa njengembangela yokuguga kwebhethri. Ukungazinzi kwe-graphite anode kuzodala ukungazinzi kwefilimu ye-SEI futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium ion esebenzayo.
Ukukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu kwebhethri kunganikeza amandla abalulekile emoto kagesi; okungukuthi, ukusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu kwebhethri lamandla, kungcono ukusheshisa ukusebenza kwemoto kagesi. Imiphumela yocwaningo lukaKim et al. wabonisa ukuthi indlela yokuguga ye-LiFePO4 i-electrode enhle ne-graphite negative electrode ihlukile: ngokunyuka kwezinga lokukhipha, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla e-electrode enhle kwandisa ngaphezu kwalokho kwe-electrode engalungile. Ukulahleka komthamo webhethri ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunezinga eliphansi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo ku-electrode engemihle. Ngokuphambene, ukuphelelwa amandla kwebhethri phakathi nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunezinga eliphezulu kungenxa yokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwe-electrode ephozithivu.
Nakuba ukujula kokukhishwa kwebhethri lamandla elisetshenziswayo ngeke kuthinte ukulahlekelwa amandla, kuzothinta ukulahlekelwa kwayo kwamandla: isivinini sokulahlekelwa amandla sikhuphuka ngokunyuka kokujula kokukhipha. Lokhu kungenxa yokwenyuka kokuvinjwa kwefilimu ye-SEI kanye nokwanda kokuphazamiseka kwebhethri lonke. Ihlobene ngokuqondile. Nakuba kuhlobene nokulahlekelwa kwama-ion e-lithium asebenzayo, umkhawulo ongaphezulu we-voltage yokushaja awunawo umthelela obonakalayo ekwehlulekeni kwebhethri, umkhawulo ophansi kakhulu noma ophezulu kakhulu we-voltage yokushaja uzokhuphula i-interface impedance ye-electrode ye-LiFePO4: i-electrode ephansi ephansi. I-limited voltage ngeke isebenze kahle. Ifilimu ye-passivation yakheka phansi, futhi umkhawulo wamandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu uzodala Ukubola kwe-oxidative kwe-electrolyte. Izodala umkhiqizo onokusebenza okuphansi ebusweni be-electrode ye-LiFePO4.
Umthamo wokukhipha webhethri yamandla we-LiFePO4 uzokwehla ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa lincipha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-ion kanye nokwenyuka kwe-interface impedance. U-Li wafunda i-LiFePO4 cathode kanye ne-graphite anode ngokuhlukana futhi wathola ukuthi izici eziyinhloko zokulawula ezikhawulela ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwe-anode ne-anode zihlukile. Ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-ionic ye-LiFePO4 cathode kuvelele, futhi ukwanda kokuphazamiseka kwe-graphite anode kuyisizathu esiyinhloko.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukuwohloka kwe-electrode ye-LiFePO4 ne-graphite anode kanye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwefilimu ye-SEI kuzodala ukwehluleka kwebhethri kumazinga ahlukahlukene. Ukwengeza, ngaphezu kwezinto ezingalawuleki ezifana nezimo zomgwaqo kanye nezinga lokushisa le-ambient, ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwebhethri nakho kubalulekile, okuhlanganisa i-voltage yokushaja efanele, ukujula okufanele kokukhipha, njll.
Ibhethri ivamise ukushajwa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Kuncane ukukhishwa ngokweqile. Ukushisa okukhishwe ngesikhathi sokushajwa ngokweqile noma ukuchithwa ngokweqile kungenzeka kunqwane ngaphakathi kwebhethri, kuqhubeke kukhuphule izinga lokushisa lebhethri. Kuthinta impilo yesevisi yebhethri futhi kunyuse amathuba omlilo noma ukuqhuma kwesiphepho. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushaja nokukhipha, njengoba inani lemijikelezo likhula, ukungezwani komthamo wamaseli owodwa ohlelweni lwebhethri kuzokhula. Ibhethri elinomthamo ophansi kakhulu lizobhekana nenqubo yokushajwa nokushajwa kakhulu.
Nakuba i-LiFePO4 inokuzinza okungcono kakhulu kokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezinhle ze-electrode ngaphansi kwezimo zokushaja ezihlukene, ukushaja ngokweqile kungabangela izingozi ezingaphephile ekusebenziseni amabhethri amandla e-LiFePO4. Esimeni sokushajwa ngokweqile, i-solvent ku-electrolyte ephilayo ijwayele ukubola kwe-oxidative. Phakathi kwezinyibilikisi ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, i-ethylene carbonate (EC) izoba ngokukhethayo ukubola kwe-oxidative ebusweni be-electrode ephozithivu. Njengoba amandla okufakwa kwe-lithium (ngokuqhathaniswa namandla e-lithium) e-electrode eyi-graphite engeyinhle engashoni, ukuna kwe-lithium maningi amathuba okuba ku-electrode yegraphite eyinegethivu.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuhluleka kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo zokushajwa ngokweqile isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi esibangelwa amagatsha e-lithium crystal abhoboza i-diaphragm. Lu et al. ihlaziye indlela yokwehluleka kwe-lithium plating endaweni ye-electrode ephikisayo yegraphite ebangelwa ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukwakheka okuphelele kwe-electrode ye-graphite engalungile akushintshile, kodwa kukhona amagatsha e-lithium crystal nefilimu engaphezulu. Ukusabela kwe-lithium ne-electrolyte kubangela ukuba ifilimu engaphezulu ikhule ngokuqhubekayo, edla i-lithium esebenzayo futhi ibangele ukuthi i-lithium isakazeke ibe yigraphite. I-electrode engalungile iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuzoqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kwe-lithium ebusweni be-electrode engalungile, okuholela ekunciphiseni okwengeziwe komthamo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-coulombic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kwensimbi (ikakhulukazi i-Fe) ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuhluleka kokushajwa kwebhethri. Xu et al. wafunda ngokuhlelekile indlela yokwehluleka kwamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4 ngaphansi kwezimo zokushajwa ngokweqile. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-redox ye-Fe phakathi nomjikelezo wokushajwa ngokweqile/wokukhipha kungenzeka ngokombono, futhi indlela yokusabela inikezwa. Lapho ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile kwenzeka, i-Fe iqala i-oxid ibe yi-Fe2+, i-Fe2+ iqhubeke yonakala ibe yi-Fe3+, bese i-Fe2+ ne-Fe3+ ikhishwa ku-electrode ephozithivu. Olunye uhlangothi luhlakazeka ohlangothini olubi lwe-electrode, i-Fe3 + ekugcineni iyancipha ibe yi-Fe2 +, futhi i-Fe2 + iphinde yehliswe ibe yi-Fe; lapho imijikelezo ye-overcharge/discharge, amagatsha e-Fe crystal azoqala kuma-electrode alungile futhi angalungile ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubhoboza isihlukanisi ukudala amabhuloho we-Fe, okuholela kubhethri elincane I-Short circuit, into ebonakalayo ehambisana ne-micro short circuit yebhethri yilokhu okuqhubekayo. ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa ngemva kokushajwa ngokweqile.
Ngesikhathi sokushajwa ngokweqile, amandla e-electrode engalungile azokhuphuka ngokushesha. Ukwanda okungase kube khona kuzobhubhisa ifilimu ye-SEI ebusweni be-electrode engalungile (ingxenye ecebile kuma-inorganic compounds kufilimu ye-SEI cishe i-oxidized), okuzobangela Ukubola okwengeziwe kwe-electrolyte, okuholela ekulahlekelweni komthamo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, umqoqi wamanje oyi-Cu foil uzokhishwa nge-oxidized. Kwifilimu ye-SEI ye-electrode engalungile, u-Yang et al. ithole i-Cu2O, umkhiqizo we-oxidation we-Cu foil, engakhuphula ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa amandla esiphepho.
Yena et al. ufunde inqubo yokukhishwa ngokweqile kwamabhethri wamandla we-LiFePO4 ngokuningiliziwe. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi umqoqi wamanje oyi-Cu foil ingase ifakwe i-oxid ku-Cu+ phakathi nokukhipha ngokweqile, futhi i-Cu+ iphinde ifakwe i-oxid ku-Cu2+, ngemva kwalokho isakazekele ku-electrode ephozithivu. Ukusabela kokunciphisa kungenzeka ku-electrode enhle. Ngale ndlela, izokwakha amagatsha e-crystal ohlangothini oluhle lwe-electrode, ibhoboze isihlukanisi futhi ibangele i-micro short circuit ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Futhi, ngenxa yokukhishwa ngokweqile, izinga lokushisa lebhethri lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Ukushajwa ngokweqile kwebhethri yamandla e-LiFePO4 kungabangela ukubola kwe-electrolyte oxidative, i-lithium evolution, nokwakhiwa kwamagatsha e-Fe crystal; ukukhishwa ngokweqile kungase kubangele ukulimala kwe-SEI, okuholela ekulimazeni umthamo, i-Cu foil oxidation, ngisho nokubukeka kwamagatsha e-Cu crystal.
Ngenxa ye-conductivity ephansi engokwemvelo ye-LiFePO4, i-morphology kanye nosayizi wento ngokwayo kanye nemiphumela ye-conductive agents kanye nama-binders ibonakala kalula. Gaberscek et al. ixoxisane ngezici ezimbili eziphikisanayo zobukhulu kanye ne-carbon coating futhi yathola ukuthi i-electrode impedance ye-LiFePO4 ihlobene kuphela nobukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezimaphakathi. Ukukhubazeka kwe-anti-site ku-LiFePO4 (i-Fe ithatha amasayithi we-Li) izoba nomthelela othize ekusebenzeni kwebhethri: ngoba ukuhanjiswa kwe-lithium ion ngaphakathi kwe-LiFePO4 kunohlangothi olulodwa, lesi sici sizovimbela ukuxhumana kwe-lithium ion; ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezimo eziphezulu ze-valence Ngenxa yokwehliswa okwengeziwe kwe-electrostatic, leli phutha lingase futhi libangele ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo se-LiFePO4.
Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-LiFePO4 azikwazi ukujabula ngokuphelele ekupheleni kokushaja; i-nano-structured LiFePO4 inganciphisa amaphutha okuguqula, kodwa amandla ayo aphezulu azobangela ukuzikhipha. I-PVDF iyi-binder esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, enobubi obufana nokusabela ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuncibilika ku-electrolyte engeyona amanzi, kanye nokungaguquguquki okwanele. Inomthelela othize ekulahlekelweni kwamandla kanye nempilo yomjikelezo we-LiFePO4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqoqi samanje, i-diaphragm, ukwakheka kwe-electrolyte, inqubo yokukhiqiza, izici zomuntu, ukudlidliza kwangaphandle, ukushaqeka, njll., kuzothinta ukusebenza kwebhethri ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
Inkomba: UMiao Meng et al. "Inqubekelaphambili Yocwaningo Ngokuhluleka Kwamabhethri Amandla E-Lithium Iron Phosphate."
phendula kungakapheli amahora angu-6, noma yimiphi imibuzo wamukelekile!
