By hoppt
Lapho ibhethri ye-lithium-ion iphuma, i-voltage yayo yokusebenza ishintsha njalo ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi. I-voltage yokusebenza yebhethri isetshenziswa njenge-ordination, isikhathi sokukhipha, noma umthamo, noma isimo sokushaja (SOC), noma ukujula kokukhipha (DOD) njenge-abscissa, futhi ijika elidwetshiwe libizwa ngokuthi ijika lokukhipha. Ukuze siqonde ijika lesici sokuphuma kwebhethri, okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda amandla kagesi ebhethri ngokomthetho.
Ukuze ukusabela kwe-electrode yakhe ibhethri kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zimo ezilandelayo: inqubo yokulahlekelwa i-electron ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali (okungukuthi inqubo ye-oxidation) kanye nenqubo yokuthola i-electron (okungukuthi inqubo yokusabela kokunciphisa) kufanele ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene, okuhlukile ekuphenduleni okujwayelekile kwe-redox; ukusabela kwe-redox kwento esebenzayo yama-electrode amabili kufanele idluliselwe yisekethe yangaphandle, ehlukile ekuphenduleni kwe-microbattery kwinqubo yokugqwala kwensimbi. I-voltage yebhethri ingumehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwe-electrode ephozithivu kanye ne-electrode eyinegethivu. Amapharamitha athile abalulekile afaka i-voltage yesekethe evulekile, i-voltage yokusebenza, ishaje kanye ne-dicharge cut-off voltage, njll.
Amandla e-Electrode abhekisela ekucwilisweni kwento eqinile esixazululweni se-electrolyte, okubonisa umphumela kagesi, okungukuthi, umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kobuso bensimbi nesixazululo. Lo mehluko ongaba khona ubizwa ngokuthi amandla ensimbi esixazululweni noma amandla e-electrode. Ngamafuphi, amandla e-electrode ukuthambekela kwe-ion noma i-athomu ukuthola i-electron.
Ngakho-ke, nge-electrode ethile enhle noma into engalungile ye-electrode, lapho ifakwa ku-electrolyte enosawoti we-lithium, amandla ayo e-electrode avezwa ngale ndlela:
Lapho u-φ c amandla e-electrode ale nto. Amandla e-hydrogen electrode ajwayelekile abekwe ukuthi abe ngu-0.0V.
Amandla e-electromotive ebhethri inani lethiyori elibalwe ngokuvumelana nokusabela kwebhethri lisebenzisa indlela ye-thermodynamic, okungukuthi, umehluko phakathi kwamandla ebhethri equilibrium electrode kanye nama-electrode aphozithivu noma anegethivu uma isekethe inqamuka inani eliphakeme kakhulu. ukuthi ibhethri linganikeza i-voltage. Eqinisweni, ama-electrode alungile noma angalungile awekho esimweni sokulingana kwe-thermodynamic ku-electrolyte, okungukuthi, amandla e-electrode asungulwe ama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile ebhethri kusixazululo se-electrolyte ngokuvamile awawona amandla e-electrode equilibrium, I-open-circuit voltage yebhethri ngokuvamile incane kunamandla ayo e-electromotive. Ukusabela kwe-electrode:
Uma kucatshangelwa isimo esingajwayelekile sengxenye esabelayo kanye nomsebenzi (noma ukugxilisa ingqondo) kwengxenye esebenzayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-voltage yangempela yesekethe evulekile yeseli iguqulwa isibalo samandla:
Lapho u-R eyigesi engaguquki, i-T yizinga lokushisa lokusabela, futhi u-a umsebenzi wengxenye noma ukugxilisa ingqondo. I-voltage yesifunda evulekile yebhethri incike ezimpahleni zempahla ye-electrode ephozithivu nenegethivu, i-electrolyte nezimo zokushisa, futhi izimele ku-geometry nosayizi webhethri. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-lithium ion electrode esigxotsheni, kanye neshidi lensimbi le-lithium elihlanganiswe libe yinkinobho uhhafu webhethri, lingakwazi ukukala impahla ye-electrode endaweni ehlukene ye-SOC ye-voltage evulekile, ijika le-voltage evulekile yi-electrode material charge state reaction, isitoreji sebhethri esivulekile ukwehla kwamandla, kodwa ayinkulu kakhulu, uma ukwehla kwe-voltage evulekile ngokushesha okukhulu noma i-amplitude iyinto engavamile. Ukushintsha kwesimo esiphezulu sezinto ezisebenzayo ze-bipolar kanye nokuzikhipha kwebhethri yizizathu eziyinhloko zokuncipha kwe-voltage yesifunda evulekile endaweni yokugcina, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwesendlalelo semaski setafula lempahla ye-electrode enhle nengalungile; ushintsho olungaba khona olubangelwa ukungazinzi kwe-thermodynamic ye-electrode, ukuncibilika kanye nemvula yokungcola kwangaphandle kwensimbi, kanye nesifunda esifushane esincane esibangelwa i-diaphragm phakathi kwama-electrode amahle noma angalungile. Lapho ibhethri ye-lithium ion iguga, ukuguqulwa kwenani le-K (ukwehla kwe-voltage) kuyinqubo yokwakheka nokuzinza kwefilimu ye-SEI ebusweni bezinto ze-electrode. Uma ukwehla kwe-voltage kukhulu kakhulu, kukhona i-micro-short circuit ngaphakathi, futhi ibhethri ibhekwa njengengafaneleki.
Lapho i-current idlula ku-electrode, isenzakalo sokuthi i-electrode ichezuka kumandla we-electrode elinganayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-polarization, futhi i-polarization ikhiqiza amandla angaphezu kwamandla. Ngokwezimbangela ze-polarization, i-polarization ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ohmic polarization, i-concentration polarization kanye ne-electrochemical polarization. I-FIG. 2 ijika elivamile lokukhipha lebhethri kanye nomthelela we-polarization ehlukahlukene ku-voltage.
Umfanekiso 1. Ijika elijwayelekile lokukhipha kanye ne-polarization
(1) I-Ohmic polarization: okubangelwa ukumelana kwengxenye ngayinye yebhethri, inani lokwehla kwengcindezi lilandela umthetho we-ohm, ukwehla kwamanje, i-polarization iyancipha ngokushesha, futhi yamanje iyanyamalala ngokushesha ngemva kokuma.
(2) I-electrochemical polarization: i-polarization ibangelwa ukusabela okuhamba kancane kwe-electrochemical endaweni ye-electrode. Yehle kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezinga le-microsecond njengoba yamanje iba yincane.
(3) I-concentration polarization: ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwenqubo yokusabalalisa i-ion esixazululweni, umehluko wokuhlushwa phakathi kobuso be-electrode kanye nomzimba wesixazululo uhlukaniswa ngaphansi kwe-current ethile. Le polarization iyancipha noma iyanyamalala njengoba amandla kagesi ehla kumasekhondi ama-macroscopic (imizuzwana embalwa kuya emashumini amasekhondi).
Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuyanda ngokukhula kwamandla okukhipha ibhethri, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi amandla amakhulu okukhipha ibhethri akhuphula umkhuba webhethri, futhi uma umkhulu ukukhishwa kwamandla, kuba sobala kakhulu ukuthambekela kwe-polarization, njengoba kubonisiwe. Emdwebeni 2. Ngokomthetho ka-Ohm: i-V=E0-IRT, ngokukhula kwe-RT yokumelana okuphelele kwangaphakathi, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze i-voltage yebhethri ifinyelele ku-voltage yokukhipha ukukhishwa iyancishiswa ngokufanayo, ngakho-ke amandla okukhipha nawo ayancipha. kuncishisiwe.
Umfanekiso 2. Umthelela wokuminyana kwamanje ku-polarization
Ibhethri ye-lithium ion empeleni iwuhlobo lwebhethri lokuhlushwa kwe-lithium ion. Inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri ye-lithium ion inqubo yokushumeka nokuhlubula ama-ion e-lithium kuma-electrode aqondile noma angalungile. Izinto ezithinta i-polarization yamabhethri e-lithium-ion zifaka:
(1) Umthelela we-electrolyte: i-conductivity ephansi ye-electrolyte yisizathu esiyinhloko se-polarization yamabhethri e-lithium ion. Ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile, ukuqhutshwa kwe-electrolyte esetshenziselwa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile kungu-0.01~0.1S/cm kuphela, okuyiphesenti elilodwa lesisombululo esinamanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion ephuma ngesikhathi esiphezulu, sekwephuzile kakhulu ukwengeza i-Li + kusuka ku-electrolyte, futhi i-polarization phenomenon izokwenzeka. Ukuthuthukisa i-conductivity ye-electrolyte kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa umthamo wokukhipha okuphezulu wamanje wamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
(2) Ithonya lezinto ezinhle nezimbi: umzila omude wezinto ezinhle nezimbi ezinkulu ze-lithium ion izinhlayiya ezisakazwa phezulu, ezingahambisani nokukhishwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu.
(3) I-ejenti ye-conductor: okuqukethwe kwe-ejenti eqhubayo kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukusebenza kokukhishwa kwesilinganiso esiphezulu. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-agent conductive kufomula ye-cathode kunganele, ama-electron awakwazi ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi lapho i-current enkulu ikhishwa, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarization kukhula ngokushesha, ukuze i-voltage yebhethri yehliswe ngokushesha ku-voltage yokukhipha ukukhishwa. .
(4) Umthelela wokuklama isigxobo: ukujiya kwesigxobo: esimweni sokukhishwa okukhulu kwamanje, isivinini sokusabela sezinto ezisebenzayo sishesha kakhulu, okudinga ukuthi i-lithium ion ishumekwe ngokushesha futhi ikhishwe endabeni. Uma isigxobo sesigxobo siwugqinsi futhi indlela yokusabalalisa i-lithium ion inyuka, isiqondiso sogqinsi lwesigxobo sizokhiqiza i-lithium ion concentration gradient enkulu.
Ukuminyana kwe-compaction: ukuminyana kweshidi lesigxobo kukhudlwana, imbobo iba yincane, futhi indlela yokunyakaza kwe-lithium ion ekuqondeni kogqinsi lweshidi yinde. Ukwengeza, uma ukuminyana kwe-compaction kukhulu kakhulu, indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-electrolyte iyancipha, indawo yokusabela kwe-electrode iyancishiswa, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri nakho kuzokwanda.
(5) Ithonya le-SEI membrane: ukwakheka kwe-SEI membrane kwandisa ukumelana kwe-electrode / electrolyte interface, okuholela ku-voltage hysteresis noma i-polarization.
I-voltage esebenzayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-end voltage, ibhekisela kumehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwama-electrode ebhethri ephozithivu noma engalungile lapho i-current igeleza kuyisekethe esimweni sokusebenza. Esimeni sokusebenza sokukhishwa kwebhethri, lapho i-current igeleza ebhethri, ukumelana okubangelwa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kufanele kunqotshwe, okuzobangela ukwehla kwengcindezi ye-ohmic kanye ne-electrode polarization, ngakho-ke i-voltage esebenzayo ihlala iphansi kune-voltage yesifunda evulekile, futhi lapho ushaja, i-voltage yokugcina ihlala iphakeme kune-voltage yesifunda evulekile. Okusho ukuthi, umphumela we-polarization wenza i-voltage yokugcina yokuphuma kwebhethri ibe phansi kunamandla ebhethri e-electromotive, angaphezulu kwamandla kagesi ebhethri eliphethe.
Ngenxa yobukhona be-polarization phenomenon, i-voltage esheshayo kanye ne-voltage yangempela enqubweni yokushaja nokukhipha. Lapho ushaja, i-voltage esheshayo iphakeme kancane kune-voltage yangempela, i-polarization iyanyamalala futhi i-voltage yehla lapho i-voltage esheshayo kanye ne-voltage yangempela iyancipha ngemva kokukhishwa.
Ukufingqa incazelo engenhla, isisho sithi:
U-E +, u-E- -umele amandla ama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile, ngokulandelana, u-E + 0 kanye no-E- -0 bamele amandla e-electrode alinganayo ama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile, ngokulandelana, i-VR imele i-ohmic polarization voltage, kanye no-η + , η - -bonisa amandla angaphezu kwamandla e-electrode eqondile nengalungile, ngokulandelana.
Ngemva kokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwe-voltage yebhethri, saqala ukuhlaziya ijika lokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ijika lokukhipha ngokuyisisekelo libonisa isimo se-electrode, okuyi-superposition yezinguquko zombuso zama-electrode amahle futhi angalungile.
Ijika le-voltage lamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhipha ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu
1) Esigabeni sokuqala sebhethri, i-voltage yehla ngokushesha, futhi lapho izinga lokuphuma likhulu, i-voltage yehla ngokushesha;
2) I-voltage yebhethri ingena esigabeni sokushintsha kancane, esibizwa ngokuthi indawo yesikhulumi sebhethri. Isilinganiso sokukhishwa sincane,
Uma ubude bendawo yesikhulumi buba bude, lapho i-voltage yesikhulumi iphezulu, i-voltage yehla kancane.
3) Uma amandla ebhethri esezophela, amandla omthamo webhethri aqala ukwehla kakhulu kuze kufinyelelwe i-voltage yokuyeka ukukhipha.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuqoqa idatha
(1) Qoqa idatha yamanje, amandla kagesi kanye nesikhathi ngokwesikhawu sesikhathi esimisiwe Δ t;
(2) Qoqa idatha yamanje, i-voltage kanye nesikhathi ngokomehluko omisiwe wokushintsha amandla kagesi Δ V. Ukunemba kwempahla yokushaja nokukhipha ngokuyinhloko kuhlanganisa ukunemba kwamanje, ukunemba kwamandla kagesi kanye nokunemba kwesikhathi. Ithebula lesi-2 libonisa amapharamitha wemishini yomshini othile wokushaja nokukhipha, lapho i-% FS imele iphesenti lebanga eligcwele, futhi u-0.05%RD ubhekisele iphutha elilinganisiwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu-0.05% lokufunda. Imishini yokushaja nokukhipha ngokuvamile isebenzisa umthombo wamanje oqhubekayo we-CNC esikhundleni sokumelana nomthwalo wokulayisha, ukuze i-voltage ephumayo yebhethri ingahlanganise lutho nochungechunge lokumelana noma ukumelana nezimuncagazi kuyisekethe, kodwa ihlobene kuphela ne-voltage E kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi. r kanye nesekhethi yamanje I yomthombo okahle kagesi olingana nebhethri. Uma ukumelana kusetshenziselwa ukulayisha, setha i-voltage yomthombo we-voltage ofanele webhethri olingana no-E, ukumelana kwangaphakathi ngu-r, futhi ukumelana nomthwalo kungu-R. Linganisa i-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili yokumelana nomthwalo nge-voltage. imitha, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongenhla ku-Figure 6. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, kukhona ukumelana nokuhola kanye nokumelana nokuxhumana kwe-fixture (ukumelana ne-parasitic efanayo) kumjikelezo. Umdwebo wesekethe olinganayo oboniswe ku-FIG. 3 kukhonjiswe emfanekisweni olandelayo we-FIG. 3. Ekusebenzeni, ukumelana ne-parasitic kwethulwa ngokungenakugwenywa, ukuze ukumelana nomthwalo ophelele kube kukhulu, kodwa i-voltage elinganisiwe yi-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili yokumelana nomthwalo R, ngakho-ke iphutha lethulwa.
Umfanekiso wesi-3 Umdwebo we-block block kanye nomdwebo wesekethe olinganayo wendlela yokukhipha ukumelana
Uma umthombo wamanje oqhubekayo one-I1 yamanje usetshenziswa njengomthwalo, umdwebo we-schematic kanye nomdwebo wesifunda olinganayo uboniswa kuMfanekiso 7. E, I1 amanani ahlala njalo futhi r uhlala njalo isikhathi esithile.
Kusukela kufomula engenhla, singabona ukuthi ama-voltages amabili ka-A no-B ahlala njalo, okungukuthi, amandla okukhipha amandla ebhethri awahlobene nosayizi wokumelana kochungechunge ku-loop, futhi-ke, akunalutho olwenzayo. ngokumelana ne-parasitic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodi yokulinganisa yamatheminali amane ingafinyelela isilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana sevolthi yokuphuma kwebhethri.
Umfanekiso 4 Umdwebo webhulokhi elilinganayo kanye nomdwebo wesekethe olinganayo womthwalo oqhubekayo wamanje womthombo
Umthombo osebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa idivayisi yokunikeza amandla enganikeza amandla angashintshi ekulayisheni. Isengakwazi ukugcina okukhiphayo kwamanje kungashintshi lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle kushintshashintsha nezici zokuvimba zishintsha.
Izisetshenziswa zokuhlola zokushaja nokukhipha ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-semiconductor njenge-elementi yokugeleza. Ngokulungisa isignali yokulawula yedivayisi ye-semiconductor, ingakwazi ukulingisa umthwalo wezimpawu ezahlukene ezifana namanje njalo, ukucindezela okuqhubekayo nokumelana njalo njalo njalo. Imodi yokuhlola ukukhishwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamanje okuqhubekayo, ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kokumelana, ukukhishwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo, njll. Kwimodi ngayinye yokukhipha, ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo nokukhishwa kwesikhashana kungahlukaniswa, lapho ngokuya ngobude besikhathi, ukukhishwa kwesikhashana kungahlukaniswa ngokukhipha okuphakathi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-pulse. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokukhipha, ibhethri liyaphuma ngokwemodi esethiwe, bese liyayeka ukuchacha ngemva kokufinyelela imibandela ebekiwe. Izimo zokunqanyulwa kokuphuma kwamanzi zihlanganisa ukusetha ukunqanyulwa kukagesi, ukusetha isikhathi sokunqanyulwa, ukusetha ukunqanyulwa kwamandla, ukumisa ukunqanyulwa kwe-voltage gradient, njll. Ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi okuphuma ebhethri kuhlobene nesistimu yokukhipha, lokho kungukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwejika lokukhipha kuphinde kuthinteke ohlelweni lokukhipha, kufaka phakathi: ukukhishwa kwamanje, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha, i-voltage yokuqeda ukukhishwa; ukuphuma kwezikhawu noma okuqhubekayo. Uma umkhulu amandla okukhiphayo, i-voltage yokusebenza yehla ngokushesha; ngokushisa kokukhishwa, ijika lokukhipha lishintsha kancane.
(1) Ukukhishwa kwamanje okuqhubekayo
Lapho ukukhishwa okungapheli kwamanje, inani lamanje liyasethwa, bese inani lamanje lifinyelelwa ngokulungisa umthombo wamanje wamanje we-CNC, ukuze kubonakale ukuphuma okungapheli kwebhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage yokugcina yebhethri kuyaqoqwa ukuze kutholwe izici zokuphuma kwebhethri. Ukukhishwa kwamanje okuqhubekayo ukukhishwa kwamandla afanayo, kodwa i-voltage yebhethri iyaqhubeka nokwehla, ngakho amandla ayaqhubeka nokwehla. Umfanekiso wesi-5 yi-voltage kanye nejika lamanje lokukhishwa okungapheli kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ngenxa yokukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwamanje, i-axis yesikhathi iguqulwa kalula ibe umthamo (umkhiqizo wamanje nesikhathi) i-axis. Umfanekiso wesi-5 ubonisa ijika le-voltage-capacity ekuphumeni okuqhubekayo kwamanje. Ukukhipha njalo kwamanje kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion.
Umfanekiso 5 ukushaja okungaguquki kwamandla kagesi kanye namajika amanje okukhipha angashintshi ngamanani ahlukene okuphindaphinda
(2) Ukukhishwa kwamandla njalo
Uma amandla angapheli ephuma, inani lamandla lamandla angashintshi P limiswa kuqala, bese kuqoqwa i-voltage ephumayo engu-U yebhethri. Enqubweni yokukhishwa, i-P iyadingeka ukuba ibe njalo, kodwa i-U ishintsha njalo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukulungisa ngokuqhubekayo i-I yamanje yomthombo wamanje we-CNC ngokusho kwefomula I = P / U ukufeza inhloso yokukhishwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo. . Gcina amandla okukhipha angashintshiwe, ngoba i-voltage yebhethri iyaqhubeka nokwehla ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha, ngakho-ke okwamanje ekukhishweni kwamandla okuqhubekayo kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo, i-eksisi yokuxhumanisa isikhathi iguqulwa kalula ibe amandla (umkhiqizo wamandla nesikhathi) wokuxhumanisa i-eksisi.
Umfanekiso 6 Ukushaja kwamandla njalo nokukhipha amajika ngamanani ahlukene aphindeke kabili
Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kokukhishwa kwamanje okuqhubekayo kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla okungashintshi
Umfanekiso 7: (a) umdwebo wamandla wokushaja nokukhipha ngezilinganiso ezihlukene; (b) ukushaja nokukhipha ijika
Umfanekiso wesi-7 ubonisa imiphumela yokushaja kwesilinganiso esihlukene kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhipha ezindleleni ezimbili ze ibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate. Ngokwejika lomthamo ku-FIG. 7 (a), ngokukhula kweshaje kanye nokukhipha amandla kumodi yamanje engaguquki, ukushajwa kwangempela namandla okukhipha ebhethri kuyehla kancane kancane, kodwa ububanzi bokushintsha buncane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukushajwa kwangempela nomthamo wokukhipha webhethri kuncipha kancane kancane ngokwanda kwamandla, futhi uma sikhulu isiphindaphinda, ukubola kwamandla ngokushesha. Umthamo wokukhipha isilinganiso sehora elingu-1 uphansi kunemodi yokugeleza engashintshi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho izinga lokushajwa liphansi kunesilinganiso samahora angu-5, umthamo webhethri uphakeme ngaphansi kwesimo samandla esingaguquki, kuyilapho umthamo webhethri uphakeme kunesilinganiso samahora angu-5 siphezulu ngaphansi kwesimo samanje esingaguquki.
Kusukela kumfanekiso wesi-7 (b) kukhombisa ijika le-capacity-voltage, ngaphansi kwesimo sesilinganiso esiphansi, ibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate ijika lemodi yemodi ye-voltage emibili, kanye nokushintsha kwesikhulumi se-voltage nokushaja akukukhulu, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimo sesilinganiso esiphezulu, Imodi ye-voltage eqhubekayo yamanje yesikhathi samandla kagesi esingashintshi isikhathi eside kakhulu, kanye nesiteji se-voltage yokushaja sikhuphuke kakhulu, ipulatifomu ye-voltage yokukhipha iyancipha kakhulu.
(3) Ukukhishwa kokumelana njalo
Lapho ukukhishwa kokumelana okungapheli, inani elingaguquki lokumelana no-R lisethwa kuqala ukuze kuqoqwe i-voltage ephumayo yebhethri engu-U. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha, u-R uyadingeka ukuba ube njalo, kodwa u-U ushintsha njalo, ngakho inani lamanje le-CNC lamanje lamanje. umthombo kufanele uhlale ulungiswa ngokuya ngefomula I=U / R ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokukhishwa kokumelana okungapheli. I-voltage yebhethri ihlale yehla enqubweni yokukhipha, futhi ukumelana kuyafana, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwamanje I futhi kuyinqubo yokuncipha.
(4) Ukukhipha okuqhubekayo, ukukhishwa kwezikhawu kanye nokukhishwa kwe-pulse
Ibhethri likhishwa ngamandla angaguquki, amandla angaguquki kanye nokumelana njalo, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa umsebenzi wesikhathi ukuze kuqashelwe ukulawulwa kokuphuma okuqhubekayo, ukukhishwa kwezikhawu kanye nokuphuma kwe-pulse. Umfanekiso we-11 ubonisa amajika amanje namajika kagesi we-pulse charge / test discharge.
Umfanekiso 8 Amajika amanje kanye namajika kagesi wokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokushaja kwe-pulse charge-discharge
Ijika lokukhipha ibhethri libhekisela ejikeni le-voltage, yamanje, umthamo kanye nezinye izinguquko zebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha. Ulwazi oluqukethwe kwijika lokushaja nokukhipha lucebe kakhulu, okuhlanganisa umthamo, amandla, inkundla yokusebenza kwamandla kagesi kanye neplathifomu kagesi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla e-electrode kanye nesimo sokushaja, njll. Idatha eyinhloko erekhodiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokukhipha amanzi isikhathi. evolution of yamanje kanye voltage. Amapharamitha amaningi angatholwa kule datha eyisisekelo. Imininingwane elandelayo amapharamitha angatholwa ngejika lokukhipha.
(1) Amandla kagesi
Ekuhlolweni kokukhipha ibhethri ye-lithium ion, amapharamitha kagesi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa inkundla ye-voltage, i-voltage emaphakathi, i-voltage emaphakathi, i-voltage enqamuliwe, njll. I-voltage yesikhulumi iyinani lamandla kagesi elihambisanayo lapho ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi kukuncane futhi ukuguqulwa kwamandla kukhulu. , engatholwa enanini eliphakeme le-dQ/dV. I-voltage emaphakathi yinani le-voltage elihambisanayo lengxenye yomthamo webhethri. Ukuze uthole izinto ezibonakalayo ezisobala kakhulu endaweni yesikhulumi, njenge-lithium iron phosphate ne-lithium titanate, i-voltage emaphakathi yi-voltage yesikhulumi. I-voltage emaphakathi iyindawo esebenzayo yejika le-voltage-capacity (okungukuthi, amandla okukhipha ibhethri) ehlukaniswa ngefomula yokubala umthamo u-u = U (t) * I (t) dt / I (t) dt. I-voltage enqamuliwe ibhekisela kumandla kagesi amancane avunyelwe uma ibhethri liphuma. Uma i-voltage iphansi kune-voltage enqanyuliwe yokukhipha, i-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili yebhethri izokwehla ngokushesha, yenze ukuphuma ngokweqile. Ukuchichima ngokweqile kungase kubangele umonakalo entweni esebenzayo ye-electrode, kulahlekelwe amandla okusabela, futhi kunciphise ukuphila kwebhethri. Njengoba kuchazwe engxenyeni yokuqala, i-voltage yebhethri ihlobene nesimo sokushaja se-cathode material kanye namandla e-electrode.
(2) Amandla namandla athile
Umthamo webhethri ubhekisela enanini likagesi okhishwe ibhethri ngaphansi kwesistimu ethile yokukhipha (ngaphansi kwe-I yamanje yokukhipha, izinga lokushisa lokuphuma T, ukukhishwa kwe-voltage V ekhishwayo), okubonisa ikhono lebhethri lokugcina amandla ku-Ah noma ku-C. Amandla athintwa izakhi eziningi, njengamanje okukhiphayo, izinga lokushisa lokuphuma, njll. Usayizi womthamo unqunywa inani lezinto ezisebenzayo kuma-electrode avumayo noma angalungile.
Umthamo wetiyori: umthamo onikezwe into esebenzayo ekuphenduleni.
Amandla angempela: umthamo wangempela okhishwe ngaphansi kwesistimu ethile yokukhipha.
Umthamo okaliwe: ubhekisela enanini elincane lamandla aqinisekiswa ibhethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezidizayinelwe zokukhipha.
Ekuhlolweni kokukhishwa, umthamo ubalwa ngokuhlanganisa okwamanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungukuthi C = I (t) dt, i-current current in t ukukhishwa njalo, C = I (t) dt = I t; ukumelana njalo R ukukhishwa, C = I (t) dt = (1 / R) * U (t) dt (1 / R) * ukuphuma (u yi-voltage yokukhipha isilinganiso, t yisikhathi sokukhipha).
Umthamo othize: Ukuze uqhathanise amabhethri ahlukene, umqondo womthamo othize uyethulwa. Umthamo othize ubhekisela kumthamo onikezwa into esebenzayo yeyunithi yesisindo noma i-electrode yevolumu yeyunithi, ebizwa ngokuthi umthamo othize wesisindo noma umthamo othize wevolumu. Indlela yokubala evamile yilena: umthamo othize = umthamo wokuphuma kwebhethri kuqala / (isisindo sento esebenzayo * izinga lokusetshenziswa kwento esebenzayo)
Izinto ezithinta umthamo webhethri:
a. Ukukhishwa kwamanje kwebhethri: i-current enkulu, amandla okukhiphayo ayancipha;
b. Ukushisa kokukhishwa kwebhethri: lapho izinga lokushisa lincipha, amandla okukhiphayo ayancipha;
c. I-voltage enqanyuliwe yebhethri: isikhathi sokukhipha esisethwe yi-electrode material kanye nomkhawulo wokusabela kwe-electrode ngokwayo ngokuvamile ngu-3.0V noma 2.75V.
d. Izikhathi zokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri: ngemva kokushaja okuningi nokukhishwa kwebhethri, ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinto ze-electrode, ibhethri izokwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wokukhipha ibhethri.
e. Izimo zokushajwa kwebhethri: izinga lokushaja, izinga lokushisa, i-voltage enqamuliwe ithinta umthamo webhethri, ngaleyo ndlela kunquma umthamo wokuphuma.
Indlela yokunquma umthamo webhethri:
Izimboni ezahlukene zinamazinga okuhlola ahlukene ngokwezimo zokusebenza. Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion emikhiqizweni engu-3C, ngokuya nge-GB/T18287-2000 General Specification General kazwelonke Yamabhethri e-Lithium-ion Yefoni Yeselula, indlela yokuhlola umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri imi kanje: a) ukushaja: ukushaja okungu-0.2C5A; b) ukukhishwa: 0.2C5A ukukhishwa; c) imijikelezo emihlanu, eyodwa yayo efanelekile.
Embonini yezimoto zikagesi, ngokwezinga likazwelonke le-GB / T 31486-2015 Izidingo Zokusebenza Kagesi kanye Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zebhethri Lamandla Lezimoto zikagesi, umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri ubhekisele kumthamo (Ah) okhishwe yibhethri ekamelweni lokushisa. ngokukhishwa kwamanje okungu-1I1 (A) ukuze kufinyelelwe ku-voltage yokunqanyulwa, lapho i-I1 iyisilinganiso sokukhipha isilinganiso sehora elingu-1, inani layo elilingana no-C1 (A). Indlela yokuhlola ithi:
A) Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, misa i-voltage engaguquki lapho ushaja ngokushaja kwamanje ku-voltage yokuqeda ukushaja eshiwo inkampani, futhi umise ukushaja lapho ukunqanyulwa kwamanje kwehla ku-0.05I1 (A), bese ubamba ukushaja ihora elingu-1 ngemva kwalokho. ukushaja.
Bb) Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, ibhethri liyakhishwa ngo-1I1 (A) wamanje kuze kube yilapho ukuchithwa kufinyelela ku-voltage yokunqamula ukukhishwa eshiwo ezimeni zobuchwepheshe zebhizinisi;
C) umthamo wokukhipha olinganisiwe (akalwa ngo-Ah), bala amandla athile okukhipha (akalwa ngu-Wh / kg);
3 d) Phinda izinyathelo a) -) c) izikhathi ezi-5. Uma umehluko omkhulu kakhulu wokuhlolwa oku-3 okulandelanayo ungaphansi kuka-3% womthamo olinganiselwe, ukuhlolwa kungaqedwa kusenesikhathi futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa oku-3 kokugcina ingalinganiswa.
(3) Isimo sokukhokha, i-SOC
I-SOC (Isimo Sokushaja) yisimo sokushaja, esimela isilinganiso somthamo osele webhethri esimweni sawo sokushaja esigcwele ngemva kwesikhathi esithile noma isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwenani elithile lokukhipha. Indlela "ye-open-circuit voltage + ihora-time integration" isebenzisa indlela kagesi ovulekile ukuze ilinganise umthamo wokushaja webhethri wesimo sokuqala, bese isebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa yehora ukuze kutholwe amandla asetshenziswa ibhethri. -indlela yokuhlanganisa isikhathi. Amandla asetshenzisiwe angumkhiqizo wamanje wokukhipha kanye nesikhathi sokukhipha, futhi amandla asele alingana nomehluko phakathi kwamandla okuqala kanye namandla asetshenzisiwe. Isilinganiso sezibalo se-SOC phakathi kwe-voltage yesekethe evulekile kanye ne-an-hour integral yile:
Lapho i-CN ingumthamo olinganisiwe; η ukusebenza kahle kokushaja; T yizinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa ibhethri; Yimi ibhethri lamanje; t yisikhathi sokuphuma kwebhethri.
I-DOD (Ukujula Kokukhipha) ukujula kokukhishwa, isilinganiso sedigri yokukhishwa, okuyiphesenti yomthamo wokukhipha kumthamo ophelele wokukhipha. Ukujula kokukhipha kunobudlelwano obukhulu nempilo yebhethri: lapho kujula ukujula kokukhipha, impilo iba mfushane. Ubudlelwano bubalwa ku-SOC = 100% -DOD
4) Amandla kanye namandla athile
Amandla kagesi ibhethri engawakhipha ngokwenza umsebenzi wangaphandle ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile abizwa ngokuthi amandla ebhethri, futhi iyunithi ngokuvamile ivezwa ngo-wh. Kujika lokuphuma, amandla abalwa kanje: W = U (t) * I (t) dt. Ekuphumeni okuqhubekayo kwamanje, W = I * U (t) dt = It * u (u yi-voltage yokukhipha isilinganiso, t isikhathi sokukhipha)
a. Amandla etiyetha
Inqubo yokukhipha ibhethri isesimweni sokulingana, futhi amandla kagesi okukhiphayo agcina inani lamandla e-electromotive (E), futhi izinga lokusebenzisa into esebenzayo lingu-100%. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo, amandla aphumayo ebhethri angamandla etiyetha, okungukuthi, umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwa ibhethri elihlehliswayo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo nokucindezela.
b. Amandla angempela
Amandla okukhipha angempela okukhishwa kwebhethri abizwa ngokuthi amandla angempela, imithetho yemboni yezimoto zikagesi ("GB / T 31486-2015 Izidingo Zokusebenza Kwebhethri Lamandla Kagesi kanye Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zezimoto zikagesi"), ibhethri ekushiseni kwekamelo ne-1I1 (A ) ukukhishwa kwamanje, ukuze kufinyelelwe amandla (Wh) akhishwe i-voltage yokunqamula, ebizwa ngokuthi amandla alinganiselwe.
c. amandla athile
Amandla anikezwa ibhethri ngeyunithi yesisindo kanye neyunithi yevolumu abizwa ngokuthi amandla athile amakhulu noma amandla athile evolumu, abizwa nangokuthi ukuminyana kwamandla. Ngamayunithi we-wh / kg noma wh / L.
Ifomu eliyisisekelo kakhulu lejika lokukhipha isikhathi se-voltage kanye nejika lesikhathi samanje. Ngokuguqulwa kokubala kwe-eksisi yesikhathi, ijika elivamile lokuphuma liphinde libe nejika le-voltage-capacity (umthamo othize) ijika, ijika lamandla kagesi (amandla athile), ijika le-voltage-SOC njalonjalo.
(1) Isikhathi sikagesi kanye nejika lesikhathi samanje
Umfanekiso 9 Amajika esikhathi sikagesi kanye nesikhathi samanje
(2) Ijika le-voltage-capacity
Umfanekiso 10 Ijika le-Voltage-capacity
(3) Ijika lamandla kagesi
Umfanekiso 11. Ijika lamandla kagesi
phendula kungakapheli amahora angu-6, noma yimiphi imibuzo wamukelekile!
