Izimpahla ezomile izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuhlaziywa kwebhethri yesitoreji samandla nesifinyezo sokushiyeka

Ukugcinwa kwamandla ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekugcineni amandla kagesi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kungenye itemu ezinqolobaneni zikawoyela, elimele ikhono lechibi lokugcina uwoyela negesi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ngokwawo akusona ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa, kodwa ngokombono wezimboni, kusanda kuvela futhi kusencane.

Kuze kube manje, i-China ayikafinyeleli ezingeni lokuthi i-United States ne-Japan iphathe ukugcinwa kwamandla njengemboni ezimele futhi ikhiphe izinqubomgomo zokusekela ezithile. Ikakhulukazi uma ingekho indlela yokukhokha yokugcina amandla, imodeli yokuthengisa yemboni yokulondoloza amandla ayikakabi sesimweni.

Amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla ebhethri anamandla aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ekunikezeni amandla ezimeni eziphuthumayo, izimoto zamabhethri, kanye nesitoreji samandla esitsha esinamandla. Ingase futhi isebenzise amabhethri omile aphinde ashajwe ngezikhathi zamandla aphansi, njengamabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, njll. Lesi sihloko silandela umhleli ukuze aqonde izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokugcina amandla ebhethri.

1. Ibhethri le-lead-acid

inzuzo enkulu:

1. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zitholakala kalula, futhi intengo iphansi uma kuqhathaniswa;
2. Ukusebenza okuhle kokukhishwa kwezinga eliphezulu;
3. Ukusebenza okuhle kwezinga lokushisa, kungasebenza endaweni engu -40 ~ +60 ℃;
4. Ifanele ukushaja okuntantayo, impilo ende yesevisi, futhi akukho mphumela wenkumbulo;
5. Amabhethri asetshenzisiwe kulula ukugaywa kabusha, alungele ukuvikela indawo ezungezile.

Ububi obukhulu:

1. Amandla athile aphansi, ngokuvamile angu-30-40Wh/kg;
2. Impilo yesevisi ayilungile njengaleyo yamabhethri e-Cd/Ni;
3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza kulula ukungcolisa imvelo futhi kufanele ifakwe izinto ezintathu zokuhlanza imfucuza.
4. Ibhethri le-Ni-MH

inzuzo enkulu:

1. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid, ukuminyana kwamandla kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, isisindo samandla esisindo singu-65Wh/kg, futhi umthamo wamandla wevolumu ukhuphuka ngo-200Wh/L;
2. Amandla aphezulu aphezulu, angashaja futhi akhiphe nge-current enkulu;
3. Izici ezinhle zokukhishwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi;
4. Ukuphila komjikelezo (kufika ku-1000 izikhathi);
5. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo futhi akukho ukungcola;
6. Ubuchwepheshe buvuthwe kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Ububi obukhulu:

1. Izinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza ngu -15~40 ℃, futhi ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kubi;
2. I-voltage yokusebenza iphansi, ububanzi be-voltage esebenzayo yi-1.0 ~ 1.4V;
3. Intengo iphakeme kunamabhethri e-lead-asidi namabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, kodwa ukusebenza kubi kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
4. Ibhethri ye-lithiamu-ion

inzuzo enkulu:

1. Amandla athile aphezulu;
2. Isiteji se-voltage ephezulu;
3. Ukusebenza kahle komjikelezo;
4. Awukho umphumela wenkumbulo;
5. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, akukho ukungcola; okwamanje ingelinye lamabhethri anamandla emoto kagesi angcono kakhulu.
6. Ama-Supercapacitors

inzuzo enkulu:

1. Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu;
2. Isikhathi esifushane sokushaja.

Ububi obukhulu:

Ukuminyana kwamandla kuphansi, kungu-1-10Wh/kg kuphela, futhi uhla lokuhamba lwama-supercapacitor lufushane kakhulu ukuthi lungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ojwayelekile ezimotweni zikagesi.

Ubuhle nokubi kokugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri (izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuhlaziywa kwebhethri yokugcina amandla)

5. Amaseli kaphethiloli

inzuzo enkulu:

1. Amandla athile aphezulu kanye nebanga elide lokushayela;
2. Amandla aphezulu aphezulu, angashaja futhi akhiphe nge-current enkulu;
3. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, akukho ukungcola.

Ububi obukhulu:

1. Uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuphansi;
2. Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen kuyasiga;
3. Kunezidingo eziphakeme zesulphur dioxide emoyeni. Ngenxa yokunukubezeka komoya okunamandla, izimoto zasekhaya zikaphethiloli zinesikhathi esifushane sokuphila.
4. Ibhethri ye-sodium-sulphur

Ubuhle:

1. Amandla athile aphezulu (ithiyori 760wh/kg; 390wh/kg wangempela);
2. Amandla aphezulu (ukuminyana kokukhishwa kwamanje kungafinyelela ku-200～300mA/cm2);
3. Isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo (imizuzu engu-30 igcwele);
4. Impilo ende (iminyaka eyi-15; noma izikhathi ezingama-2500 kuye kwezingama-4500);
5. Akukho ukungcola, okugaywa kabusha (Na, S izinga lokutakula licishe libe ngu-100%); 6. Akukho mkhuba wokuzikhulula, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwamandla;

anele:

1. Ukushisa okusebenzayo kuphezulu, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza liphakathi kuka-300 no-350 degrees, futhi ibhethri idinga inani elithile lokushisa nokugcinwa kokushisa lapho isebenza, futhi ukuqalisa kuhamba kancane;
2. Intengo iphezulu, 10,000 yuan ngedigri;
3. Ukuvikeleka okubi.

Oyisikhombisa, ibhethri eligelezayo (ibhethri ye-vanadium)

inzuzo:

1. Ukukhishwa okuphephile nokujulile;
2. Isikali esikhulu, usayizi wethangi lokugcina elingenamkhawulo;
3. Kukhona ukushaja okubalulekile kanye nezinga lokukhipha;
4. Impilo ende nokuthembeka okuphezulu;
5. Akukho ukuphuma, umsindo ophansi;
6. Ukushaja okusheshayo nokushintshashintsha kokukhipha, imizuzwana engu-0.02 kuphela;
7. Ukukhethwa kwesayithi akukho ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yendawo.

ukwehluleka:

1. Ukungcoliswa okuphambene kwama-electrolyte amahle kanye nama-negative;
2. Abanye basebenzisa ulwelwesi olubizayo lwe-ion-exchange;
3. Lezi zixazululo ezimbili zinevolumu enkulu namandla athile aphansi;
4. Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla akuphezulu.
5. Ibhethri ye-lithium-air

Iphutha elibulalayo:

Umkhiqizo oqinile wokusabela, i-lithium oxide (Li2O), iqoqana ku-electrode eqondile, ivimbele ukuthintana phakathi kwe-electrolyte nomoya, okubangela ukuthi ukukhishwa kume. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-air anokusebenza okuphindwe kashumi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion futhi anikeza amandla afanayo nophethiloli. Amabhethri e-lithium-air ashaja umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni ukuze amabhethri abe mancane futhi abe lula. Amalabhorethri amaningi emhlabeni wonke acwaninga ngalobu buchwepheshe, kodwa kungase kuthathe iminyaka eyishumi ukufeza ukuhweba uma ingekho impumelelo.

9. Ibhethri ye-lithium-sulphur

(Amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur awuhlelo oluthembisayo lomthamo omkhulu wokugcina amandla)

inzuzo:

1. Ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukuminyana kwamandla okucatshangelwayo kungafinyelela ku-2600Wh/kg;
2. Izindleko eziphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa;
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kancane;
4. Ubuthi obuphansi.

Nakuba ucwaningo lwebhethri ye-lithium-sulphur seludlule amashumi eminyaka futhi izimpumelelo eziningi zenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kusesenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo.