UJohn Goodenough: Umklomelo KaNobel kanye Nophayona weLithium Battery Technology
By hoppt
U-John Goodenough, owathola uMklomelo KaNobel eneminyaka engu-97 ubudala, uwubufakazi benkulumo ethi “Goodenough” – ngempela, ube ngaphezu nje kokuthi “muhle ngokwanele” ekulolongeni kokubili impilo yakhe nesiphetho somuntu.
UGoodenough owazalwa ngo-July 25, 1922, e-United States, waba nesizungu. Usongo oluqhubekayo lwesehlukaniso phakathi kwabazali bakhe nomfowabo omdala owayematasa ngempilo yakhe kwaholela ekubeni uGoodenough avame ukuthola induduzo eyedwa, enenja yakhe kuphela, uMack, yenkampani. Eshikashikana ne-dyslexia, ukusebenza kwakhe kwezemfundo kwakungeyona inkanyezi. Kodwa-ke, uthando lwakhe ngemvelo, lwakhula phakathi nokuzulazula ehlathini, ebamba izimvemvane nama-groundhogs, lwakhulisa intshiseko yokuhlola nokuqonda izimfihlakalo zomhlaba wemvelo.
Ngenxa yokuntula uthando lukamama futhi ebhekene nesehlukaniso sabazali bakhe phakathi neminyaka yakhe ebalulekile yasesikoleni esiphakeme, uGoodenough wayezimisele ukwenza kahle ezifundweni. Naphezu kobunzima bezezimali futhi kudingeke ukuthi axazulule imisebenzi yesikhashana ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela izifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseYale, wakhuthazela iminyaka yakhe yeziqu, nakuba engagxilile ezifundweni zakhe.
Impilo kaGoodenough yashintsha lapho esebenza eMbuthweni Wasemoyeni wase-US phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, kamuva washintsha ukuze aphishekele iphupho lakhe kwezesayensi eNyuvesi yaseChicago. Naphezu kokungabaza kokuqala okuvela koprofesa bakhe ngenxa yeminyaka yakhe, uGoodenough akazange adikibale. Izifundo zakhe zobudokotela ku-physics eNyuvesi yaseChicago kanye neminyaka engu-24 eyalandela e-Lincoln Laboratory yaseMIT, lapho acubungula khona ukunyakaza kwe-lithium-ion kuzinto eziqinile kanye nocwaningo oluyisisekelo lwe-solid-state ceramics, wabeka isisekelo sempumelelo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo.
Kwakuyinhlekelele kawoyela yango-1973 eyagxilisa ukugxila kukaGoodenough ekulondolozeni amandla. Ngo-1976, phakathi kokuncishiswa kwesabelomali, wathuthela e-University of Oxford's Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, ephawula inguquko ebalulekile emsebenzini wakhe eneminyaka engu-54. Lapha, waqala umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kumabhethri e-lithium.
Ucwaningo lukaGoodenough ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, isikhathi lapho imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yayiqala ukuduma, yayibalulekile. Wakha ibhethri elisha le-lithium esebenzisa i-lithium cobalt oxide ne-graphite, eyayihlangene kakhulu, inamandla aphezulu, futhi yayiphephile kunezinguqulo zangaphambilini. Lokhu okusunguliwe kwaguqula ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kwehlisa izindleko nokuphepha kwathuthukisa, nakuba engakaze azuze ngokwezimali kule mboni yezigidigidi zamarandi.
Ngo-1986, ebuyela e-US, uGoodenough waqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe eNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin. Ngo-1997, eneminyaka engu-75, wathola i-lithium iron phosphate, into eshibhile futhi ephephile ye-cathode, ethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-electronics ephathekayo. Ngisho eseneminyaka engu-90, wagxilisa ingqondo yakhe kumabhethri e-solid-state, eyisibonelo sokufunda nokuphila impilo yonke.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-97, lapho ethola uMklomelo KaNobel, kwakungesona isiphetho sikaGoodenough. Uyaqhubeka nokusebenza, ehlose ukuthuthukisa ibhethri elikhulu lokugcina amandla elanga nawomoya. Umbono wakhe uwukubona umhlaba ongenawo umoya wezimoto, iphupho athemba ukuthi uzolifeza empilweni yakhe.
Uhambo lwempilo luka-John Goodenough, olumakwe ngokufunda okungapheli kanye nokunqoba izinselele, lubonisa ukuthi akukephuzi kakhulu ukuzuza ubukhulu. Indaba yakhe iyaqhubeka njengoba ephishekela ulwazi nokuqamba izinto ezintsha ngokungaphezi.
