Amabhethri esimo esiqinile: umzila webhethri wesizukulwane esilandelayo

Amabhethri esimo esiqinile: umzila webhethri wesizukulwane esilandelayo

NgoMeyi 14, ngokwe "Korea Times" neminye imibiko yabezindaba, abakwaSamsung bahlela ukusebenzisana nabakwaHyundai ukuthuthukisa izimoto zikagesi nokuhlinzeka ngamabhethri kagesi nezinye izingxenye zemoto ezixhunyiwe zezimoto zikagesi zakwaHyundai. Abezindaba babikezela ukuthi i-Samsung ne-Hyundai maduze bazosayina imemorandamu yokuqonda engabopheli ekuhlinzekweni kwebhethri. Kubikwa ukuthi abakwaSamsung bethule ibhethri labo lakamuva eliqinile kwaHyundai.

Ngokusho kwabakwaSamsung, uma ibhethri ye-prototype isishajwe ngokugcwele, ingavumela imoto kagesi ukuthi ihambe amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-800 ngesikhathi, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1,000. Ivolumu yayo incane ngo-50% kunebhethri ye-lithium-ion yomthamo ofanayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amabhethri e-solid state abhekwa njengamandla amabhethri afaneleka kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-March 2020, i-Samsung Institute for Advanced Study (SAIT) kanye ne-Samsung Research Center yase-Japan (SRJ) yanyathelisa "Amabhethri ensimbi e-lithium anamandla amaningi asebenza ngesiliva anikwe amandla ngesiliva" kumagazini we-"Nature Energy". -I-Carbon composite anode" yethule ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwakamuva emkhakheni wamabhethri wesimo esiqinile.

Leli bhethri lisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile, engashi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi engavimbela ukukhula kwe-lithium dendrites ukugwema ukubhoboza amasekhethi amafushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenzisa ungqimba oluyinhlanganisela ye-silver-carbon (Ag-C) njenge-anode, engakhuphula ukuminyana kwamandla ukuya ku-900Wh/L, inokuphila komjikelezo omude kwemijikelezo engaphezu kuka-1000, kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwe-coulombic (inkokhelo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhishwa) kwama-99.8%. Ingakwazi ukushayela ibhethri ngemva kwenkokhelo eyodwa. Imoto yahamba amakhilomitha angu-800.

Kodwa-ke, i-SAIT ne-SRJ eshicilele leli phepha izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kune-Samsung SDI, egxile kwezobuchwepheshe. I-athikili icacisa kuphela umgomo webhethri elisha, ukwakheka, nokusebenza. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi ibhethri lisesesigabeni saselabhorethri futhi kuzoba nzima ukukhiqiza ngobuningi ngesikhathi esifushane.

Umehluko phakathi kwamabhethri esimo esiqinile namabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko awuketshezi ukuthi kusetshenziswa ama-electrolyte aqinile esikhundleni sama-electrolyte nezihlukanisi. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa i-lithium-intercalated graphite anode. Esikhundleni salokho, i-lithium yensimbi isetshenziswa njenge-anode, enciphisa inani lezinto ze-anode. Amabhethri wamandla anokuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu komzimba (>350Wh/kg) nempilo ende (>imijikelezo engu-5000), kanye nemisebenzi ekhethekile (efana nokuguquguquka) nezinye izimfuneko.

Amabhethri esistimu entsha ahlanganisa amabhethri esimo esiqinile, amabhethri e-lithium flow, namabhethri ensimbi emoyeni. Amabhethri wombuso oqinile amathathu anezinzuzo zawo. Ama-electrolyte angama-polymer angama-electrolyte aphilayo, kanti ama-oxide nama-sulfide ama-electrolyte e-ceramic angaphili.

Uma ubheka izinkampani zamabhethri e-solid-state emhlabeni jikelele, kukhona aqalayo, futhi kukhona nabakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe. Izinkampani zizodwa ohlelweni lwe-electrolyte ezinezinkolelo ezahlukene, futhi akukho mkhuba wokugeleza kobuchwepheshe noma ukuhlanganiswa. Njengamanje, eminye imizila yezobuchwepheshe iseduze nezimo zokuthuthuka kwezimboni, futhi umgwaqo oya ku-automation yamabhethri e-solid state ubulokhu uqhubeka.

Izinkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika zikhetha izinhlelo ze-polymer ne-oxide. Inkampani yaseFrance i-Bolloré yahola ekuhwebeni amabhethri e-solid state asekelwe ku-polymer. Ngo-December 2011, izimoto zayo zikagesi ezinikezwa amandla amabhethri e-polymer angu-30kwh eqinile + ama-capacitor kagesi anengqimba ephindwe kabili yangena emakethe yezimoto okwabelwana ngayo, okwakungokokuqala ngqa emhlabeni. Amabhethri e-Commercial-state ama-EVs.

I-Sakti3, umkhiqizi webhethri we-film oxide solid-state, watholwa isiqhwaga saseBrithani uDyson ngo-2015. umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza isikhathi eside.

Uhlelo luka-Maxwell lwamabhethri esimo esiqinile wukungena emakethe yamabhethri amancane kuqala, awakhiqize ngobuningi ngo-2020, futhi awasebenzise emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla ngo-2022. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso okusheshayo, uMaxwell angase aqale acabangele ukuzama i-semi- amabhethri aqinile esikhathini esifushane. Noma kunjalo, amabhethri aqinile kancane abiza kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifunwa kakhulu, okwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zibe nzima.

Imikhiqizo ye-non-thin-film oxide inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu sekukonke futhi okwamanje idumile ekuthuthukisweni. Bobabili u-Taiwan Huineng no-Jiangsu Qingdao bangabadlali abaziwayo kule ngoma.

Izinkampani zaseJapane naseKorea zizinikele kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezimboni zohlelo lwe-sulfide. Izinkampani ezimele iToyota kanye neSamsung zikusheshisile ukuthunyelwa kwazo. Amabhethri e-Sulfide solid-state (amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur) anamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Phakathi kwazo ubuchwepheshe bakwaToyota buhamba phambili kakhulu. Ikhiphe amabhethri eDemo yeleveli ye-ampere nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical. Ngasikhathi sinye, baphinde basebenzisa i-LGPS enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kwegumbi njenge-electrolyte ukuze balungiselele ibhethri elikhudlwana.

I-Japan yethule uhlelo locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa ezweni lonke. Umfelandawonye othembisa kakhulu yiToyota nePanasonic (iToyota inonjiniyela abacishe babe ngama-300 ababambe iqhaza ekwakheni amabhethri esimo esiqinile). Ithe izohweba ngamabhethri e-solid state ingakapheli iminyaka emihlanu.

Uhlelo lokuhweba lwamabhethri esimo esiqinile athuthukiswe yi-Toyota kanye ne-NEDO luqala ngokwakha amabhethri esimo esiqinile (amabhethri esizukulwane sokuqala) kusetshenziswa i-LIB ekhona manje nezinto eziyingozi. Ngemuva kwalokho, Izosebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezinhle nezingezinhle ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla (amabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo). I-Toyota kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize ama-prototypes ezimoto zikagesi zesifunda esiqinile ngo-2022, futhi Izosebenzisa amabhethri esimo esiqinile kwamanye amamodeli ngo-2025. Ngo-2030, ukuminyana kwamandla kungafinyelela ku-500Wh/kg ukuze kuzuzwe izicelo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi.

Ngokombono wamalungelo obunikazi, phakathi kwabafaki bezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi abaphezulu abangama-20 bamabhethri e-lithium ezwe eliqinile, izinkampani zaseJapane zenza i-11. I-Toyota yafaka isicelo kakhulu, yafinyelela ku-1,709, izikhathi ezingu-2.2 kunePanasonic yesibili. Izinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zonke ngamaJapani naseNingizimu Korea, kufaka phakathi eziyisi-10 zaseJapan nezi-8 eSouth Korea.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo sobunikazi bomhlaba wonke samalungelo obunikazi, i-Japan, i-United States, i-China, i-South Korea, ne-Europe amazwe noma izifunda ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwezicelo zasendaweni, iToyota inenani elibaluleke kakhulu lezicelo e-United States naseShayina, okubalelwa ku-14.7% no-12.9% wesamba sezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi, ngokulandelana.

Ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwamabhethri esimo esiqinile ezweni lami nakho kungaphansi kokuhlolwa njalo. Ngokohlelo lomzila wezobuchwepheshe waseShayina, ngo-2020, Kancane kancane izoqaphela i-electrolyte eqinile, ukuhlanganiswa kwempahla ye-cathode yamandla aphezulu, kanye nohlaka lwesakhiwo se-lithium alloy technology technology. Izobona ukukhiqizwa kwesampula yebhethri eyodwa engu-300Wh/kg. Ngo-2025, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula isixhumi esibonakalayo sebhethri lesimo esiqinile buzothola isampula yebhethri elilodwa lomthamo omkhulu ongu-400Wh/kg kanye nobuchwepheshe beqembu. Kulindeleke ukuthi amabhethri e-solid-state kanye namabhethri e-lithium-sulphur angakhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi athuthukiswe ngo-2030.

Amabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo kuphrojekthi yokuqongelela imali ye-IPO ye-CATL afaka amabhethri esimo esiqinile. Ngokwemibiko ye-NE Times, i-CATL ilindele ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamabhethri e-solid-state okungenani ngo-2025.

Sekukonke, ubuchwepheshe besistimu ye-polymer yibo obuvuthwe kakhulu, futhi umkhiqizo wokuqala wezinga le-EV uyazalwa. Imvelo yayo yomqondo nokubheka phambili ibangele ukusheshisa kokutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ngabafika sekwephuzile, kodwa umkhawulo ophezulu wokusebenza uvimbela ukukhula, futhi ukuhlanganiswa nama-electrolyte aqinile angaphili kuzoba yisixazululo esikhathini esizayo; i-oxidation; Ohlelweni lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zamafilimu amancane kugxile ekwandiseni umthamo kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu, futhi ukusebenza okuphelele kwezinhlobo ezingezona zefilimu kungcono, okugxile ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamanje; Isistimu ye-sulfide iwuhlelo oluthembisayo kakhulu lwebhethri yesimo esiqinile emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, Kodwa esimweni esihlukanisiwe esinegumbi elikhulu lokukhula nobuchwepheshe obungavuthiwe, ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuphepha kanye nezinkinga zesixhumi esibonakalayo yikhona okugxilwe kukho kwekusasa.

Izinselelo ezibhekene namabhethri e-solid-state ikakhulukazi zifaka:

• Ukunciphisa izindleko.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwama-electrolyte aqinile.
• Ukugcina ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-electrode nama-electrolyte ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha.

Amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur, i-lithium-air, nezinye izinhlelo zidinga ukumiselela lonke uhlaka lwesakhiwo sebhethri, futhi kuba nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu. Ama-electrode alungile noma angalungile amabhethri esimo esiqinile angaqhubeka nokusebenzisa isistimu yamanje, futhi ubunzima bokubona buncane kakhulu. Njengobuchwepheshe bebhethri besizukulwane esilandelayo, amabhethri esimo esiqinile anokuphepha okuphezulu namandla aminyana futhi azoba ukuphela kwendlela enkathini ye-post-lithium.