Amaseli elanga azacile kakhulu?

Amaseli elanga azacile kakhulu?

Amaseli elanga azacile kakhulu athuthukisiwe: Izinhlanganisela ze-2D perovskite zinezinto ezifanele zokubekela inselele imikhiqizo emikhulu.

Onjiniyela base-Rice University bathole ama-benchmarks amasha ekuklameni amaseli elanga amancane amancane e-atomic enziwe ngama-semiconductor perovskites, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo ngenkathi egcina ikhono lawo lokumelana nemvelo.

Ilabhorethri ye-Aditya Mohite yase-Rice University's George R Brown School of Engineering ithole ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kufinyeza isikhala phakathi kwezingqimba ze-athomu ku-perovskite enezinhlangothi ezimbili, okwanele ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photovoltaic yezinto ezisetshenziswayo cishe ngo-18%, okuyinqubekelaphambili evamile. . Ukweqa okumangalisayo kufinyelelwe emkhakheni futhi kukalwa ngamaphesenti.

"Eminyakeni engu-10, ukusebenza kahle kwe-perovskite kuye kwanda kusuka ku-3% kuya ngaphezu kwe-25%," kusho uMohite. "Amanye ama-semiconductors azothatha iminyaka engu-60 ukuthi aphumelele. Yingakho sijabule kakhulu."

I-Perovskite iyinhlanganisela ene-cubic lattice futhi ingumqoqi wokukhanya ophumelelayo. Amandla azo ayaziwa iminyaka eminingi, kodwa anenkinga: Angakwazi ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga nomswakama kungawehlisa.

"Ubuchwepheshe be-solar cell kulindeleke ukuthi buhlale iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-25," kusho uMohite, uprofesa ohlangene wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali kanye ne-biomolecular and materials science kanye ne-nanoengineering. "Sesisebenze iminyaka eminingi futhi siqhubeka sisebenzisa ama-perovskites amakhulu asebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa angazinzile kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-perovskites amabili-dimensional anokuqina okuhle kakhulu kodwa awasebenzi ngokwanele ukuba abekwe ophahleni.

"Inkinga enkulu wukubenza basebenze kahle ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni uzinzo."
Onjiniyela Belayisi nabahlanganyeli babo abavela eNyuvesi yasePurdue kanye neNyuvesi yaseNorthwestern, i-Los Alamos, i-Argonne kanye ne-Brookhaven yoMnyango Wezamandla Kazwelonke wase-US, kanye ne-Institute of Electronics and Digital Technology (INSA) e-Rennes, e-France, nabahlanganyeli babo bathola ukuthi amanye ama-perovskite anezinhlangothi ezimbili, ukukhanya kwelanga kusinciphisa ngokuphumelelayo isikhala phakathi kwama-athomu, okwandisa ikhono lawo lokuthwala umsinga kagesi.

"Sithole ukuthi uma uthungela impahla, uyikhama njengesipontshi futhi uqoqe izendlalelo ndawonye ukuze uthuthukise ukudluliswa kwenkokhelo kuleyo ndawo," kusho uMocht. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukubeka ungqimba lwama-organic cations phakathi kwe-iodide phezulu kanye nomthofu phansi kungathuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezingqimba.

"Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu ekutadisheni kwezimo ezijabulile kanye ne-quasiparticles, lapho ungqimba olulodwa lwecala elihle kwelinye, futhi icala elibi likolunye, futhi bangakhuluma bodwa," kusho uMocht. “Lawa abizwa ngama-exciton, futhi angaba nezakhiwo ezihlukile.

"Lo mphumela usivumela ukuthi siqonde futhi silungise lokhu kuxhumana okuyisisekelo kwe-light-matter ngaphandle kokudala ama-heterostructures ayinkimbinkimbi njenge-2D transition metal dichalcogenides estakiwe," esho.

Ozakwethu eFrance bakuqinisekisile ukuhlola ngemodeli yekhompyutha. UJacky Even, uProfessor of Physics e-INSA, uthe: "Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu be-ab initio simulation, ucwaningo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kusetshenziswa izikhungo ezinkulu ze-synchrotron kazwelonke, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-in-situ kwamaseli elanga asebenzayo. Hlanganisa ." "Leli phepha lichaza okokuqala ukuthi i-seepage phenomenon ikhulula ngokuzumayo ukushaja kwezinto ze-perovskite."

Yomibili imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ngemva kwemizuzu engu-10 yokuchayeka ku-simulator yelanga ngomfutho welanga, i-perovskite enezinhlangothi ezimbili incipha ngo-0.4% ngobude bayo futhi cishe ngo-1% ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Bafakazele ukuthi umphumela ungabonakala phakathi kweminithi elingu-1 ngaphansi kokuqina kwelanga okuyisihlanu.

"Akuzwakali njengokuningi, kepha ukuncipha okungu-1% kwesikhala se-lattice kuzodala ukwanda okukhulu kokugeleza kwama-electron," kusho uLi Wenbin, umfundi othweswe iziqu eRice kanye nombhali ohamba naye. "Ucwaningo lwethu lubonisa ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kwe-elekthronikhi kwezinto kukhuphuke ngokuphindwe kathathu."

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imvelo ye-crystal lattice yenza okokusebenza kumelane nokuwohloka, ngisho noma ishiswa kufika ku-80 degrees Celsius (176 degrees Fahrenheit). Abacwaningi baphinde bathola ukuthi i-lattice ikhululeka ngokushesha ibuyele ekucushweni kwayo okujwayelekile uma izibani sezicishiwe.

"Okunye okukhangayo okuyinhloko kwe-2D perovskites ukuthi ngokuvamile banama-athomu e-organic asebenza njengezithiyo zomswakama, azinzile ngokushisa, futhi axazulule izinkinga zokufuduka kwe-ion," kusho umfundi othweswe iziqu kanye nomlobi ohamba naye uSiraj Sidhik. "Ama-perovskites e-3D athambekele ekungazinzini okushisayo nokukhanya, ngakho abacwaningi baqala ukubeka izendlalelo ze-2D phezu kwama-perovskites amakhulu ukuze babone ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukukusebenzisa ngokugcwele kokubili.

"Sicabanga ukuthi, ake sishintshele ku-2D futhi siyenze isebenze kahle," esho.

Ukubona ukuncipha kwezinto, ithimba lasebenzisa izinsiza ezimbili zabasebenzisi beHhovisi Lesayensi Lomnyango Wamandla Wase-US (i-DOE): I-National Synchrotron Light Source II ye-Brookhaven National Laboratory yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US kanye ne-Advanced State Laboratory of i-Argonne National Laboratory yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US. Ilabhorethri Yomthombo Wezithombe (APS).

Isazi sefiziksi u-Argonne u-Joe Strzalka, omunye umbhali wephepha, usebenzisa ama-X-ray akhanya kakhulu e-APS ukuze athwebule izinguquko ezincane zesakhiwo ezintweni ezibonakalayo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ithuluzi elibucayi ku-8-ID-E yomugqa wokukhanya we-APS livumela izifundo "zokusebenza", okusho ukuthi izifundo ezenziwa lapho okokusebenza kwenzeka izinguquko ezilawulwayo kuzinga lokushisa noma indawo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivamile. Kulokhu, u-Strzalka nozakwabo badalule izinto ezithatha izithombe kungqamuzana lelanga ekukhanyeni kwelanga okulingisa kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lingashintshi futhi bebona ukufinyela okuncane ezingeni le-athomu.

Njengokuhlolwa kokulawula, u-Strzalka nababhali abakanye naye bagcina igumbi limnyama, bandisa izinga lokushisa, futhi babona umphumela ophambene—ukunwetshwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukukhanya ngokwako, hhayi ukushisa okukhiqizayo, okubangele ukuguqulwa.

"Kulolu shintsho, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lokusebenza," kusho uStrzalka. "Njengoba umakhenikha wakho efuna ukusebenzisa injini yakho ukuze abone ukuthi kwenzakalani kuyo, sifuna ukuthatha ividiyo yalokhu kuguqulwa, hhayi isifinyezo esisodwa. Izinsiza ezifana ne-APS ziyasivumela ukuthi senze lokhu."

U-Strzalka uveze ukuthi i-APS yenza ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ukuze kwenyuswe ukukhanya kwe-X-reyi yayo kufika izikhathi ezingu-500. Uthe uma isiqediwe, imisebe ekhanyayo nemishini yokuhlola esheshayo izokhulisa ikhono lososayensi lokubona lezi zinguquko ngozwela olukhulu.

Lokhu kungasiza ithimba Lelayisi lilungise okokusebenza ukuze lisebenze kangcono. "Siklama ama-cations kanye nezixhumanisi ukuze sifeze ukusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-20%," kusho uSidhik. "Lokhu kuzoshintsha yonke into emkhakheni we-perovskite ngoba ngaleso sikhathi abantu bazoqala ukusebenzisa i-2D perovskite ye-2D perovskite / i-silicon kanye ne-2D / 3D perovskite uchungechunge, olungaletha ukusebenza kahle eduze kwe-30%. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthengisa Kwayo kukhange."