Ibhethri eliguquguqukayo-umthambo wezinto zikagesi zabathengi esikhathini esizayo

Ngokuthuthuka kwamazinga okuphila kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izinto zikagesi eziguquguqukayo zithole ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi obuguquguqukayo ingashintsha kakhulu uhlobo lomkhiqizo kwezempilo, ukugqokwa, I-inthanethi Yayo Yonke Into, ngisho namarobhothi, futhi inamandla amakhulu emakethe.

Ngokuthuthuka kwamazinga okuphila kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izinto zikagesi eziguquguqukayo zithole ukunakwa okwengeziwe. Inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi obuguquguqukayo ingashintsha kakhulu uhlobo lomkhiqizo kwezempilo, ukugqokwa, I-inthanethi Yayo Yonke Into, ngisho namarobhothi, futhi inamandla amakhulu emakethe.

Izinkampani eziningi zitshale imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, omunye emva kokunye ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kobuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha. Muva nje, omakhalekhukhwini abagoqekayo sebephenduke isiqondiso esithandwayo. Ukugoqa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthi imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi isuke ekuqineni okungokwesiko iye ekubeni nezimo.

AbakwaSamsung Galaxy Fold kanye neHuawei Mate X balethe amafoni asongekayo ekubukeni komphakathi futhi athengiswa ngempela, kodwa izixazululo zabo zonke zincike engxenyeni. Yize kusetshenziswa lonke ucezu lwesibonisi se-OLED esivumelana nezimo, okusele Idivayisi ayikwazi ukugoqwa noma ukugotshwa. Okwamanje, isici esinqunyelwe sangempela samadivayisi aguquguqukayo afana nomakhalekhukhwini ovumelana nezimo akusesona isikrini ngokwaso kodwa ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha zikagesi eziguquguqukayo, ikakhulukazi amabhethri aguquguqukayo. Ibhethri elihlinzeka amandla livamise ukuthatha umthamo omkhulu wedivayisi, ngakho-ke liphinde libe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuzuzeni ukuguquguquka kweqiniso nokugobeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezigqokekayo ezifana namawashi ahlakaniphile namasongo ahlakaniphile asasebenzisa amabhethri endabuko aqinile, anosayizi olinganiselwe, okuholela ekuphileni kwebhethri okuvame ukunikelwa. Ngakho-ke, amandla amakhulu, amabhethri aguquguqukayo aphezulu ayisici soguquko kumakhalekhukhwini osongekayo kanye namadivayisi agqokekayo.

1.Incazelo kanye nezinzuzo zamabhethri aguquguqukayo

Ibhethri eguqukayo ngokuvamile ibhekisela kumabhethri angagotshwa futhi asetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Izakhiwo zabo zihlanganisa izinto ezigobekayo, ezinwebekayo, ezigoqekayo futhi ezisontekayo; zingaba amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-zinc-manganese noma amabhethri esiliva-zinc, noma i-Supercapacitor. Njengoba ingxenye ngayinye yebhethri eguquguqukayo iba nokuguqulwa okuthile ngesikhathi sokugoqwa nokwelula, izinto zokwakha kanye nesakhiwo sengxenye ngayinye yebhethri eguquguqukayo kufanele igcine ukusebenza ngemva kwezikhathi ezimbalwa zokugoqa nokunwetshwa. Ngokwemvelo, izidingo zobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha ziphakeme kakhulu. Phezulu. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri ye-lithium yamanje eqinile ishintshe, ukusebenza kwayo kuzolimala kakhulu, futhi kungase kube nezingozi zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri aguqukayo adinga izinto ezintsha sha kanye nemiklamo yesakhiwo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko aqinile, amabhethri aguquguqukayo anokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwemvelo, ukusebenza okunqanda ukushayisana, nokuphepha okungcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri aguquguqukayo angenza imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ithuthuke ngendlela e-ergonomic kakhudlwana. Amabhethri aguquguqukayo anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko kanye nevolumu yehadiwe ezihlakaniphile, engeze amakhono amasha futhi athuthukise amakhono akhona, enze ihadiwe emisha kanye nomhlaba obonakalayo uzuze ukuhlanganiswa okujulile okungakaze kubonwe.

2.Usayizi wemakethe wamabhethri aguquguqukayo

Imboni ye-elekthronikhi eguquguqukayo ibhekwa njengentuthuko elandelayo enkulu yomkhakha wezogesi. Izinto ezibangela ukuthuthuka kwayo ngokushesha yisidingo esikhulu semakethe kanye nezinqubomgomo zezwe ezinomfutho. Amazwe amaningi angaphandle asevele enze izinhlelo zocwaningo zama-electronic flexible. Njengohlelo lwe-US FDCASU, i-European Union's Horizon Project, i-South Korea "Korea Green IT National Strategy," nokunye, i-China's Natural Science Foundation yoHlelo Lweminyaka emihlanu yaseChina ye-12 kanye neye-13 ihlanganisa nezinto zikagesi eziguquguqukayo njengendawo ebalulekile yocwaningo. ukukhiqizwa kwe-micro-nano.

Ngaphezu kokuhlanganisa izifunda ze-elekthronikhi, izinto ezisebenzayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-micro-nano, nezinye izinkambu zobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi obuguquguqukayo bubuye buhlanganise ama-semiconductors, ukupakisha, ukuhlola, izindwangu, amakhemikhali, amasekhethi aphrintiwe, amaphaneli wokubonisa, nezinye izimboni. Izoqhuba imakethe yezigidigidi zamadola futhi isize imikhakha yeNdabuko ekuthuthukiseni inani elengeziwe lezimboni kanye nokuletha izinguquko eziguquguqukayo esakhiweni sezimboni kanye nempilo yomuntu. Ngokwezibikezelo zezinhlangano ezigunyaziwe, imboni ye-elekthronikhi eguquguqukayo izobiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-46.94 ngonyaka wezi-2018 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-301 ngo-2028, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elicishe libe ngama-30% ukusuka ku-2011 kuya ku-2028, futhi lisesimweni sesikhathi eside. ukukhula ngokushesha.

Ibhethri eliguquguqukayo-umthambo womthengi kagesi esikhathini esizayo 〡 I-Mizuki Capital yasekuqaleni
Umfanekiso 1: Iketango lemboni yebhethri eliguquguqukayo

Ibhethri eliguqukayo liyingxenye ebalulekile yenkambu ye-electronics flexible. Angasetshenziswa kumaselula asongekayo, izinto ezigqokwayo, izingubo ezigqamile, nezinye izindawo futhi anesidingo esibanzi semakethe. Ngokombiko wocwaningo lwesibikezelo semakethe yebhethri eguquguqukayo yango-2020 ekhishwe Izimakethe Nezimakethe, ngo-2020, imakethe yamabhethri aguquguqukayo yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-617 zamadola aseMelika. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, ibhethri eliguquguqukayo lizokhula ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lama-53.68%. Khulisa. Njengomkhakha ojwayelekile osezingeni eliphansi webhethri eliguquguqukayo, imboni yezinsiza ezigqokekayo kulindeleke ukuthi ithumele amayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-280 ngo-2021. Njengoba izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zosiko zingena enkathini ye-bottleneck kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha kobuchwepheshe obusha, izisetshenziswa ezigqokekayo zingenisa isikhathi esisha sokuthuthuka okusheshayo. Kuzoba nesidingo esikhulu samabhethri aguquguqukayo.

Nokho, imboni yebhethri eguquguqukayo isabhekene nezinselelo eziningi, futhi inkinga enkulu yizinkinga zobuchwepheshe. Imboni yebhethri eguquguqukayo inezithiyo eziphezulu zokungena, futhi izindaba eziningi ezifana nezinto, izakhiwo, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zidinga ukuxazululwa. Njengamanje, umsebenzi omningi wocwaningo usesesigabeni saselabhorethri, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu izinkampani ezingakwazi ukwenza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.

3.Isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe samabhethri aguquguqukayo

Isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe sokubona amabhethri aguquguqukayo noma anwebekayo ikakhulukazi ukuklama kwezakhiwo ezintsha nezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ngokuqondile, kukhona ngokuyinhloko izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:

3.1.Ibhethri yefilimu encane

Umgomo oyisisekelo wamabhethri efilimu ezacile uwukusebenzisa ukwelashwa okuzacile kakhulu kwezinto kusendlalelo ngasinye sebhethri ukuze kube lula ukugoba futhi, okwesibili, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komjikelezo ngokulungisa okokusebenza noma i-electrolyte. Amabhethri efilimu azacile ikakhulukazi amele amabhethri e-lithium ceramic avela e-Taiwan Huineng namabhethri e-zinc polymer avela ku-Imprint Energy e-United States. Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwebhethri ukuthi ingakwazi ukufinyelela izinga elithile lokugoba futhi i-ultra-thin (<1mm); okubi ukuthi i-IT ayikwazi ukuyelula, impilo ibola ngokushesha ngemva kokuphenduka, umthamo mncane (izinga lehora le-milliamp), futhi izindleko ziphezulu.

3.2. Ibhethri eliphrintiwe (ibhethri lephepha)

Njengamabhethri amafilimu amancane, amabhethri ephepha amabhethri asebenzisa ifilimu elincane njengesiphathi. Umehluko wukuthi uyinki okhethekile owenziwe ngezinto zokuqhuba kanye ne-carbon nanomaterials ifakwe kwifilimu ngesikhathi sokulungiselela. Izici zamabhethri ephepha aphrintiwe amafilimu amancane athambile, alula, futhi mancane. Nakuba inamandla aphansi kunamabhethri amafilimu amancane, ayihambisani kahle nemvelo—imvamisa ibhethri elilahlwayo.

Amabhethri ephepha angawe-elekthronikhi ephrintiwe, futhi zonke izingxenye noma izingxenye zawo ziqedwa ngezindlela zokukhiqiza zokuphrinta. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephrintiwe inezinhlangothi ezimbili futhi inezici eziguquguqukayo.

3.3.Ibhethri yesakhiwo esisha (ibhethri elikhulu eliguquguqukayo)

Amabhethri efilimu azacile namabhethri aphrintiwe akhawulwa ngevolumu futhi angathola kuphela imikhiqizo yamandla aphansi. Futhi izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zinesidingo esengeziwe samandla amakhulu. Lokhu kwenza amabhethri e-3D efilimu engencane azacile abe imakethe eshisayo. Isibonelo, ibhethri ekwazi ukunwebeka ekwazi ukunwebeka ethandwa kakhulu manje etholakala ngesakhiwo sebhuloho lesiqhingi. Umgomo waleli bhethri uchungechunge-parallel isakhiwo sebhethri pack. Ubunzima bukhona ku-conductivity ephezulu kanye nesixhumanisi esithembekile phakathi kwamabhethri, angakwazi ukwelula nokugoba, kanye nomklamo wangaphandle Vikela iphakethe. Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwebhethri ukuthi liyakwazi ukwelula, ukugoba, nokusonta. Uma ujika, ukugoba isixhumi kuphela akuthinti ukuphila kwebhethri ngokwalo. Inomthamo omkhulu (izinga lehora le-ampere) kanye nezindleko eziphansi; okubi ukuthi ukuthamba kwendawo akukuhle njengebhethri elizacile kakhulu. Yiba mncane. Kukhona nesakhiwo se-origami, esigoqa iphepha elingu-2D-dimensional libe yizimo ezihlukahlukene esikhaleni se-3D ngokugoqa nokugoba. Lobu buchwepheshe be-origami busetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, futhi umqoqi wamanje, i-electrode eqondile, i-electrode engalungile, njll., igoqiwe ngokuvumelana nama-engeli ahlukene okugoqa. Uma yeluliwe futhi igobile, ibhethri lingakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu ngenxa yomphumela wokugoqa futhi linokuqina okuhle. Ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile bathatha isakhiwo esimise okwegagasi, okungukuthi, isakhiwo esinwebekayo esimise okwegagasi. Izinto ezisebenzayo zisetshenziswa esiqeshini sensimbi esimise okwegagasi ukwenza i-electrode elula. Ibhethri ye-lithium esekelwe kulesi sakhiwo iye yanwetshwa futhi yagotshwa izikhathi eziningi. Isengakwazi ukugcina umthamo omuhle womjikelezo.

Amabhethri azacile kakhulu asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi emincane njengamakhadi e-elekthronikhi, amabhethri aphrintiwe ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezimweni ezisetshenziswa kanye njenjengamathegi e-RFID, futhi amabhethri amakhulu akwazi ukuguquguquka asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi ehlakaniphile njengamawashi nomakhalekhukhwini. ezidinga umthamo omkhulu. Okuphakeme.

4.Indawo yokuncintisana yamabhethri aguquguqukayo

Imakethe yebhethri eguquguqukayo isavela, futhi abadlali ababambe iqhaza ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi bebhethri bendabuko, iziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe, nezinkampani eziqalayo. Nokho, okwamanje akekho umkhiqizi ovelele emhlabeni jikelele, futhi igebe phakathi kwezinkampani alilikhulu, futhi ngokuyisisekelo zisesigabeni se-R&D.

Ngokombono wesifunda, ucwaningo lwamanje nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri aguquguqukayo kugxile kakhulu e-United States, South Korea, nase-Taiwan, njenge-Imprint Energy e-United States, i-Hui Neng Taiwan, i-LG Chem e-South Korea, njll. njenge-Apple, i-Samsung, ne-Panasonic nazo zisebenzisa ngenkuthalo amabhethri aguquguqukayo. I-Mainland China yenze intuthuko ethile emkhakheni wamabhethri wephepha. Izinkampani ezisohlwini ezifana ne-Evergreen neJiulong Industrial zikwazile ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Kuphinde kwavela ukuqaliswa okuningana kwezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe, njengeBeijing Xujiang Technology Co., Ltd., Soft Electronics Technology, kanye neJizhan Technology. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhungo ezibalulekile zocwaningo lwesayensi nazo zakha izikhombisi-ndlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.

Okulandelayo kuzohlaziya kafushane futhi kuqhathanise imikhiqizo namandla enkampani yonjiniyela abakhulu abambalwa emkhakheni wamabhethri aguqukayo:

I-Taiwan Huineng

I-FLCB soft plate lithium ceramic ibhethri

1. Ibhethri ye-lithium ceramic yesimo esiqinile ihlukile ku-electrolyte ewuketshezi esetshenziswa kubhethri ye-lithium etholakalayo. Ngeke ivuze ngisho noma iphukile, ishaywe, ibhobokile, noma ishile futhi ngeke ibambe umlilo, ishe, noma iqhume. Ukusebenza kahle kokuphepha
2. I-Ultra-thin, i-thinnest ingafinyelela ku-0.38 mm
3. Ukuminyana kwebhethri akuphakeme njengalokho kwamabhethri e-lithium. 33 mm ubude34mmIbhethri ye-lithium ceramic engu-0.38mm inomthamo ongu-10.5mAh kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okungu-91Wh/L.
4. Ayiguquki; ingagotshwa kuphela, futhi ayikwazi ukwelulwa, ukucindezelwa, noma ukusonteka.

Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2018, yakha ifektri yokuqala emhlabeni yamabhethri e-lithium ceramic e-solid state.

I-South Korea LG Chem

Ibhethri yekhebula

1. Inokuvumelana nezimo okuhle kakhulu futhi ingamelana nezinga elithile lokunwebeka
2. Ivumelana nezimo futhi ayidingi ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwezinto zikagesi njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko. Ingabekwa noma yikuphi futhi ingahlanganiswa kahle ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo.
3. Ibhethri lekhebula linomthamo omncane kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu
4. Akukho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okwamanje

Imprint Energy, USA

Ibhethri le-zinc polymer

1. Ukusebenza kokuphepha okugobayo okuhle kakhulu okuzacile kakhulu
2. I-Zinc inobuthi obuncane kunamabhethri e-lithium futhi iyinketho ephephile ezintweni ezisetshenziswa abantu

Izici ezizacile kakhulu zikhawulela umthamo webhethri, futhi ukusebenza kokuphepha kwebhethri le-zinc kusadinga ukuhlolwa kwemakethe kwesikhathi eside. Isikhathi eside sokuguqulwa komkhiqizo

Joyina izandla no-Semtech ukuze ungene emkhakheni we-inthanethi Yezinto

I-Jiangsu Enfusai Printing Electronics Co., Ltd.

Ibhethri lephepha

1. Ikhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi isetshenziswe kumathegi e-RFID, ezokwelashwa neminye imikhakha

Ingenza ngendlela oyifisayo 2. Usayizi, ukujiya, kanye nokuma kuhambisana nezidingo zabasebenzisi, futhi ingakwazi ukulungisa indawo yama-electrode ebhethri ephozithivu nenegethivu.

1. Ibhethri lephepha elokusetshenziswa kanye nje futhi alikwazi ukushajwa
2. Amandla mancane, futhi izimo zokusebenzisa zilinganiselwe. Ingasebenza kuphela kumathegi e-electronic e-RFID, izinzwa, amakhadi ahlakaniphile, amaphakheji amasha, njll.
3. Qedela ukutholwa okuphethwe ngokuphelele kwe-Enfucell e-Finland ngo-2018
4. Ithole izigidi ezingama-70 zama-RMB ekuxhaseni ngezimali ngo-2018

HOPPT BATTERY

Ibhethri yokuphrinta ye-3D

1. Inqubo yokuphrinta ye-3D efanayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisa i-nanofiber
2. Ibhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo inezici zokukhanya, ezincane nezivumelana nezimo

5.Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwamabhethri aguquguqukayo

Okwamanje, amabhethri aguquguqukayo asesenendlela ende okufanele ahambe ngayo ezibonisini zokusebenza kwe-electrochemical njengomthamo webhethri, ukuminyana kwamandla, nempilo yomjikelezo. Amabhethri athuthukiswe kumalabhorethri akhona ngokuvamile anezidingo eziphezulu zenqubo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphansi, nezindleko eziphezulu, ezingafanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu. Ngokuzayo, ukufuna izinto eziguquguqukayo zama-electrode nama-electrolyte aqinile asebenza kahle kakhulu, ukwakheka kwebhethri okuqanjwe kabusha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezintsha zokulungiselela ibhethri lesimo esiqinile kuyizikhombisi-ndlela zempumelelo.

Ukwengeza, indawo ebuhlungu kakhulu embonini yebhethri yamanje impilo yebhethri. Ngokuzayo, abakhiqizi bebhethri abangafinyelela isikhundla esizuzisayo kumele baxazulule inkinga yempilo yebhethri nokukhiqiza okuvumelana nezimo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla emisha (njengamandla elanga ne-bioenergy) noma izinto ezintsha (njenge-graphene) kulindeleke ukuthi kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Amabhethri aguqukayo aba i-aorta yama-electronics wabathengi ngokuzayo. Esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke umkhakha wezinto zikagesi eziguquguqukayo ezimelwe amabhethri aguquguqukayo nakanjani kuzoletha izinguquko ezinkulu ezimbonini ezikhuphuka nomfula.