By hoppt
Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion (LIBs), ama-electrode amaningi asekelwe kwi-metal oxide abonisa umthamo wokugcina ongajwayelekile ongaphezu kwenani lawo letiyori. Nakuba lesi senzakalo siye sabikwa kabanzi, izindlela eziyisisekelo ze-physicochemical kulezi zinto zisalokhu zingenakwenzeka futhi zihlala ziyimpikiswano.
Muva nje, uSolwazi Miao Guoxing waseNyuvesi yaseWaterloo, eCanada, uSolwazi Yu Guihua waseNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin, kanye no-Li Hongsen no-Li Qiang base-Qingdao University bashicilele ngokuhlanganyela iphepha locwaningo nge-Nature Materials ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Umthamo owengeziwe wokugcina inguquko yensimbi ye-oxide lithium-ion amabhethri embulwe yi-in situ magnetometry". Kulo msebenzi, ababhali basebenzise ukuqapha kazibuthe ku-situ ukuze babonise ubukhona be-surface capacitance eqinile kuma-nanoparticles ensimbi nokuthi inani elikhulu lama-electron angama-spin-polarized lingagcinwa kuma-nanoparticles ensimbi kakade ancishisiwe, ahambisana nendlela yokushaja indawo. Ukwengeza, indlela yokushaja yendawo eveziwe inganwetshwa kwezinye izinhlanganisela zensimbi zoguquko, inikeze umhlahlandlela obalulekile wokusungulwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezithuthukile.
(1) I-Fe evamile yafundwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokuqapha kazibuthe ye-in-situ3O4/ Ukuvela kwesakhiwo se-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwebhethri lika-Li;
(2) kuveza ukuthi i-Fe3O4In the/Li system, umthamo wokushaja ongaphezulu uwumthombo oyinhloko womthamo owengeziwe;
(3) I-surface capacitance mechanism ye-nanoparticles yensimbi inganwetshwa kuhlu olubanzi lwezinhlanganisela zensimbi zenguquko.
I-Monodisperse hollow Fe yahlanganiswa ngezindlela ezivamile ze-hydrothermal3O4Nanospheres, yase yenziwa ku-100 mAg−1Charge kanye nokukhipha ngobuningi bamanje (Umfanekiso 1a), umthamo wokuqala wokukhipha ngu-1718 mAh g−1, 1370 mAhg ngesikhathi sesibili nesesithathu. 1Futhi 1,364 mAhg−1, Okungaphezulu kakhulu kuka-926 mAhg−1Ithiyori yokulindelwe. Izithombe ze-BF-STEM zomkhiqizo okhishwe ngokuphelele (Umfanekiso 1b-c) ubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokunciphisa i-lithium, i-Fe3O4I-nanospheres yaguqulwa yaba ama-Fe nanoparticles amancane alinganisa cishe i-1 - 3 nm, ahlakazeka esikhungweni se-Li2O.
Ukuze ubonise ushintsho kumagnetism phakathi nomjikelezo we-electrochemical, ijika lamagnetization ngemva kokukhishwa okugcwele ku-0.01 V litholwe (Umfanekiso 1d), okubonisa ukuziphatha kwe-superparamagnetic ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-nanoparticles.
Umfanekiso 1 (a) ku-100 mAg−1Fe webhayisikili ekumineni kwamanje3O4/ Ishaja yamanje eqhubekayo kanye nejika lokuphuma lebhethri lika-Li; (b) ngokugcwele i-lithium Fe3O4Isithombe se-BF-STEM se-electrode; (c) ukuba khona kuka-Li ku-aggregate2High-resolution BF-STEM izithombe zakho kokubili O no-Fe; (d) Fe3O4Amajika e-hysteresis we-electrode ngaphambi (okumnyama) nangemuva (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nejika elifakwe i-Langevin lakamuva (elinsomi).
Ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-electrochemistry ne-Fe3O4Of izinguquko zesakhiwo kanye nozibuthe ezixhunywe ku-Fe3O4Ama-Electrodes abe ngaphansi kwe-in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) kanye nokuqapha kazibuthe ku-situ. I-Fe ochungechungeni lwamaphethini we-XRD diffraction ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kokuqala kusukela ku-voltage ye-open-circuit (OCV) kuya ku-1.2V3O4Iziqongo ze-diffraction azizange zishintshe ngokuphawulekayo kunoma ukuqina noma isikhundla (Umfanekiso 2a), okubonisa ukuthi i-Fe3O4Only ihlangabezane nenqubo ye-Li intercalation. Uma ishajwa ku-3V, i-Fe3O4The anti-spinel structure ihlala injalo, okuphakamisa ukuthi inqubo kuleli windi le-voltage ikwazi ukuhlehliswa kakhulu. Okunye ukuqapha kazibuthe okungaphakathi kwe-situ okuhlanganiswe nokuhlolwa kokushaja kokushaja okungaguquki kwamanje kwenziwa ukuze kuphenywe ukuthi uzibuthe uvela kanjani ngesikhathi sangempela (Umfanekiso 2b).
Umfanekiso 2 Ukucaciswa kwe-in-situ XRD kanye nokuqapha kazibuthe.(A) ku-situ XRD; (b) Ijika le-Fe3O4Electrochemical charge-discharge ngaphansi kuka-3 T lisebenzise inkambu kazibuthe kanye nokuphendula okuhambisanayo okubuyiselekayo ku-situ magnetic.
Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuyisisekelo okwengeziwe ngale nqubo yokuguqulwa ngokwezinguquko ze-magnetization, impendulo kazibuthe iqoqwa ngesikhathi sangempela kanye noshintsho lwesigaba oluhambisanayo oluhambisana nokusabela okuqhutshwa yi-electrochemically (Umfanekiso 3). Kusobala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kokuqala, i-Fe3O4Impendulo yamagnetization yama-electrode ihluke kweminye imijikelezo ngenxa ye-Fe ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-lithalization3O4Ngenxa yenguquko yesigaba esingenakuhlehliswa. Lapho amandla ehla afika ku-0.78V, isigaba se-Fe3O4The antispinel saguqulwa saqukatha i-Li2Isakhiwo sekilasi se-FeO halite se-O, Fe3O4Isigaba asikwazi ukubuyiselwa ngemva kokushaja. Ngokuhambisanayo, i-magnetization yehla ngokushesha ibe ngu-0.482 μ b Fe−1. Njengoba i-lithialization iqhubeka, asikho isigaba esisha esakhiwe, futhi ukuqina kwe-(200) kanye (220) yeklasi ye-FeO diffraction peaks yaqala ukuba buthaka.equal Fe3O4Ayikho ukuphakama kwe-XRD okubalulekile okugcinwe lapho i-electrode i-liialized ngokuphelele (Umfanekiso 3a). Qaphela ukuthi lapho i-electrode ye-Fe3O4 iphuma isuka ku-0.78V iye ku-0.45V, i-magnetization (kusuka ku-0.482 μ b Fe−1Inyukele ku-1.266 μ bFe−1), Lokhu kwabalelwa ekuphenduleni kokuguqulwa kusuka ku-FeO kuya ku-Fe. Khona-ke, ekupheleni kokukhishwa, i-magnetization yehla kancane yaba ngu-1.132 μ B Fe-1. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi i-Fe0Nanoparticles yensimbi encishiswe ngokugcwele ingase ibambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwesitoreji se-lithium, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ukudonsa kazibuthe kwama-electrode.
Umfanekiso wesi-3 Ukubuka kwe-in situ koshintsho lwesigaba kanye nokusabela kazibuthe.(a）Fe3O4In situ XRD imephu eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kokuqala kwe-electrode; (b) I-Fe3O4In situ isilinganiso samandla kazibuthe emijikelezo ye-electrochemical / amaseli e-Li endaweni kazibuthe engu-3 T.
I-Fe3O4Izinguquko kazibuthe zama-electrode zenzeka kuma-voltage aphansi, lapho amandla e-electrochemical engeziwe cishe ekhiqizwa khona, okuphakamisa ukuba khona kwezithwali zokushaja ezingakatholwa ngaphakathi kweseli. Ukuze uhlole indlela engase ibe khona yokugcina i-lithium, i-Fe yacwaningwa nge-XPS, i-STEM kanye ne-magnetic performance spectrum3O4Electrodes yeziqongo zamagnetization ku-0.01V,0.45V kanye no-1.4V ukuze kutholwe umthombo woshintsho kazibuthe. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi umzuzu kazibuthe uyisici esibalulekile esithinta ushintsho kazibuthe, ngoba i-Fe0/Li2The Ms yesistimu ye-O elinganisiwe ayithinteki yi-anisotropy kazibuthe kanye nokuhlangana kwezinhlayiyana.
Ukuze uqonde ngokwengeziwe izici ze-Fe3O4Izici ze-kinetic zama-electrode ku-voltage ephansi, i-voltammetry ye-cyclic ngamanani okuskena ahlukene. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4a, ijika le-cyclic voltammogram elingunxande livela phakathi kwebanga likagesi phakathi kuka-0.01V no-1V (Umfanekiso 4a). Umfanekiso 4b ubonisa ukuthi impendulo ye-Fe3O4A ye-capacitive yenzeke ku-electrode. Ngokuphendula kazibuthe ephenduleka kakhulu yenqubo yokushaja yamanje kanye nenqubo yokukhipha (Umfanekiso 4c), amandla kazibuthe we-electrode yehla isuka ku-1V yaya ku-0.01V phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha, futhi yakhula futhi phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, okubonisa ukuthi i-Fe0Of i-capacitor-like ukusabela kwendawo kuguqulwa kakhulu.
Umfanekiso 4 wezakhiwo ze-electrochemical kanye nesici sozibuthe esiku-situ ku-0.011 V.(A) Ijika le-voltammetric ejikelezayo.(B) inani elingu-b linqunywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlobana phakathi kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezinga lokuskena; (c) ushintsho oluhlehliswayo lwezibuthe ngokuhlobene nejika lokushaja ngaphansi kwenkambu kazibuthe engu-5 T.
I-Fe3O4 eshiwo ngenhlaIzici ze-electrochemical, structural and magnetic of electrode zibonisa ukuthi umthamo webhethri owengeziwe unqunywa i-Fe0I-spin-polarized surface capacitance of the nanoparticles ibangelwa izinguquko kazibuthe ezihambisana nazo. I-spin-polarized capacitance ingumphumela wokunqwabelana kweshaja e-spin-polarized kusixhumi esibonakalayo futhi ingabonisa impendulo kazibuthe ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha.ku-Fe3O4I-electrode eyisisekelo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqala yokukhipha, yahlakazwa ku-Li2Fine Fe nanoparticles ku-substrate ye-O. izilinganiso ezinkulu ze-surface-to-volume futhi ibona ukuminyana okuphezulu kwezifunda ezingeni le-Fermi ngenxa yama-orbitals asendaweni kakhulu. Ngokusho kwemodeli yethiyori kaMaier yesitoreji seshaja yendawo, ababhali baphakamisa ukuthi amanani amakhulu ama-electron angagcinwa kumabhande ahlukanisayo we-metallic Fe nanoparticles, angatholakala ku-Fe / Li2Creating spin-polarized surface capacitors ku-O nanocomposites ( Umfanekiso 5).
igrafu 5Fe/Li2A Ukumelwa okuhleliwe komthamo ongaphezulu wama-electron a-spin-polarized kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-O.(A) umdwebo womdwebo wesimo sokwakheka kwe-spin ukuminyana kobuso bezinhlayiya zensimbi ye-ferromagnetic (ngaphambi nangemuva kokuphuma), ngokuphambene ukwanda kwe-iron polarization; (b) ukwakheka kwesifunda sokushaja isikhala kumodeli ye-surface capacitor ye-lithium egcinwe ngokweqile.
I-TM / Li yaphenywa ukuqapha kazibuthe okuthuthukile kwe-in-situ2Ukuvela kwesakhiwo se-elekthronikhi sangaphakathi se-O nanocomposite ukuveza umthombo womthamo owengeziwe wesitoreji waleli bhethri le-lithium-ion. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi, kokubili ohlelweni lweselula lwemodeli ye-Fe3O4 / Li, i-electrochemically encishisiwe i-Fe nanoparticles ingagcina inani elikhulu lama-electron e-spin-polarized, okubangelwa umthamo weseli owedlulele kanye noshintsho oluphawulekayo lwe-interfacial magnetism. Izivivinyo ziphinde zaqinisekisa i-CoO, i-NiO, ne-FeF2 kanye ne-Fe2Ukuba khona kwamandla anjalo ku-N electrode impahla kubonisa ukuba khona kwe-spin-polarized surface capacitance yama-nanoparticles ensimbi kumabhethri e-lithium ion futhi kubeka isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwalesi sikhala sokugcina icala kwezinye izinguquko. izinto ze-electrode ezisekelwe ensimbi.
Umthamo owengeziwe wokugcina kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ensimbi eguquguqukayo embulwe yi-in situ magnetometry (Izinto Zemvelo , 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0756-y)
Umthelela wefomula ye-lithium electrode wafer design kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-electrode wafer ekusebenzeni
I-electrode yebhethri ye-lithium iyisimbozo esakhiwe yizinhlayiya, esisetshenziswa ngokulinganayo oketshezini lwensimbi. I-lithium ion battery electrode coating ingathathwa njengento eyinhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu:
(1) Izinhlayiya zezinto ezisebenzayo;
(2) isigaba esiyisisekelo se-ejenti yokuqhuba kanye ne-ejenti (isigaba se-carbon adhesive);
(3) Imbobo, gcwalisa nge-electrolyte.
Ubudlelwano bevolumu besigaba ngasinye buvezwa kanje:
I-Porosity + ingxenyana yevolumu yento ephilayo + ingxenye yevolumu ye-carbon adhesive volume =1
Ukwakhiwa kwe-lithium battery electrode design kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi manje ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-lithium battery electrode design yethulwa kafushane.
(1) Umthamo wethiyori wento ye-electrode Umthamo wethiyori wento ye-electrode, okungukuthi, umthamo onikezwe yiwo wonke ama-ion e-lithium kumpahla ehilelekile ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical, inani layo libalwa ngezibalo ezilandelayo:
Isibonelo, i-LiFePO4Isisindo se-molar ngu-157.756 g/mol, futhi umthamo wayo wethiyori uthi:
Leli nani elibaliwe liwumthamo wegram kuphela. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwezinto ezibuyiseleka emuva, i-coefficient yangempela yokususwa kwe-lithium ingaphansi kuka-1, futhi umthamo wangempela wegram wento ethi:
Umthamo wangempela wegram wezinto ezibonakalayo = umthamo wethiyori we-lithium ion unplugging coefficient
(2) Umthamo wokuklama ibhethri nokuminyana kohlangothi olulodwa ngokwedlulele Umthamo wokuklama ibhethri ungabalwa ngefomula elandelayo: umthamo womklamo webhethri = ukuminyana kwendawo okunamathelayo okusebenzayo isilinganiso sento esebenzayo yegremu indawo yokumboza isigxobo seshidi
Phakathi kwabo, ukuminyana kwendawo yokugqoka kuyipharamitha eyinhloko yokuklama. Lapho ukuminyana kwe-compaction kungashintshile, ukwanda kokuminyana kwendawo yokumboza kusho ukuthi ukushuba kweshidi le-pole kuyanda, ibanga lokudluliswa kwe-electron liyakhula, futhi ukumelana ne-electron kuyanda, kodwa izinga lokukhuphuka lilinganiselwe. Eshidini le-electrode eliwugqinsi, ukwanda kwe-impedance ye-lithium ion ku-electrolyte yisizathu esiyinhloko esithinta izici zesilinganiso. Uma kucatshangelwa i-porosity kanye nokusonteka kwembotshana, ibanga lokufuduka lama-ion embotsheni liphindwe kaningi kunobukhulu beshidi lesigxobo.
(3) Isilinganiso sesilinganiso se-negative-positive umthamo isilinganiso N/P se-negative umthamo kumthamo omuhle sichazwa ngokuthi:
I-N / P kufanele ibe nkulu kuno-1.0, ngokuvamile okungu-1.04~1.20, okuklanywe kakhulu ukuphepha, ukuvimbela i-ion ye-lithium ehlangothini olunezimvula ngaphandle komthombo wokwamukela, idizayini yokucabangela umthamo wenqubo, njengokuchezuka kwe-coating. Kodwa-ke, uma i-N/P inkulu kakhulu, ibhethri izolahlekelwa amandla angenakuhlehliswa, okuholela kumthamo webhethri ophansi kanye nokuminyana kwamandla ebhethri aphansi.
Nge-lithium titanate anode, i-electrode enhle eyeqile design iyamukelwa, futhi umthamo webhethri unqunywa umthamo we-lithium titanate anode. Idizayini enhle eyeqile isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwebhethri: izinga lokushisa eliphezulu igesi ngokuyinhloko livela ku-electrode engalungile. Kumklamo omuhle owedlulele, amandla angalungile aphansi, futhi kulula ukwenza ifilimu ye-SEI ebusweni be-lithium titanate.
(4) Ukuminyana kwe-compaction kanye ne-porosity ye-coating Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ukuminyana kwe-coating compaction ye-electrode yebhethri ibalwa ngefomula elandelayo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi lapho ishidi lesigxobo ligoqiwe, i-foil yensimbi inwetshiwe, ukuminyana kwendawo yokumboza ngemuva kokuba i-roller ibalwa ngefomula elandelayo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukugqoka kuqukethe isigaba sezinto eziphilayo, isigaba se-carbon adhesive kanye ne-pore, futhi i-porosity ingabalwa nge-equation elandelayo.
Phakathi kwazo, ukuminyana okujwayelekile kokunamathela yilokhu: i-lithium ibhethri i-electrode iwuhlobo lwezinhlayiya zempushana zokumboza, ngoba i-powder particle surface marough, shape engajwayelekile, lapho inqwabelana, izinhlayiya phakathi kwezinhlayiya nezinhlayiya, kanti ezinye izinhlayiya ngokwazo zinemifantu nezimbotshana, ngakho-ke ivolumu ye-powder kufaka phakathi ivolumu ye-powder, ama-pores phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-powder kanye nezinhlayiya, ngakho-ke, izinhlobonhlobo ezihambisanayo ze-electrode coating density kanye nokumelwa kwe-porosity. Ukuminyana kwezinhlayiya zempushana kubhekisela esilinganisweni sempushana ngevolumu yeyunithi. Ngokusho komthamo wempushana, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: ukuminyana kwangempela, ukuminyana kwezinhlayiyana kanye nokuminyana kokuqoqwa. Ukuminyana okuhlukahlukene kuchazwa kanje:
Ngempushana efanayo, ukuminyana kwangempela> ukuminyana kwezinhlayiyana> ukuminyana kokupakisha. I-porosity yempushana isilinganiso sama-pores ekuhlanganiseni kwezinhlayiyana ze-powder, okungukuthi, isilinganiso sevolumu ye-void phakathi kwezinhlayiya zempushana kanye nezimbotshana zezinhlayiya kumthamo ophelele wokumbozwa, okuvame ukuvezwa. njengephesenti. I-porosity yempushana iyimpahla ephelele ehlobene ne-particle morphology, isimo sendawo, usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana. I-porosity yayo ithinta ngokuqondile ukungena kwe-electrolyte kanye ne-lithium ion transmission. Ngokuvamile, i-porosity inkulu, ukungena kwe-electrolyte kulula, futhi ngokushesha ukudluliswa kwe-lithium ion. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwebhethri ye-lithium, ngezinye izikhathi ukucacisa i-porosity, indlela yokucindezela i-mercury evame ukusetshenziswa, indlela ye-gas adsorption, njll. Ingabuye itholakale ngokusebenzisa ukubala kwabantu. I-porosity ingaba nemithelela ehlukene uma usebenzisa ukuminyana okuhlukile kwezibalo. Lapho ukuminyana kwe-porosity yento ephilayo, i-ejenti yokuqhuba kanye ne-binder kubalwa ukuminyana kwangempela, i-porosity ebaliwe ihlanganisa igebe phakathi kwezinhlayiya kanye negebe ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya. Lapho i-porosity yento ephilayo, i-ejenti eqhubayo ne-binder ibalwa ngobuningi bezinhlayiyana, i-porosity ebaliwe ihlanganisa igebe phakathi kwezinhlayiya, kodwa hhayi igebe ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ngakho-ke, usayizi wembotshana weshidi le-electrode yebhethri ye-lithium ubuye abe nezikali eziningi, ngokuvamile igebe phakathi kwezinhlayiya likusayizi wesikali se-micron, kuyilapho igebe elingaphakathi kwezinhlayiya liku-nanometer kuya esikalini se-submicron. Kuma-electrode angenazimbotshana, ubudlelwano bezakhiwo zokuthutha ezifana ne-diffusivity ephumelelayo kanye ne-conductivity bungavezwa yile equation elandelayo:
Lapho i-D0 imele isilinganiso sangaphakathi sokusabalalisa (i-conduction) sento ngokwayo, u-ε uyingxenyana yevolumu yesigaba esihambisanayo, futhi u-τ ukugoba okujikelezayo kwesigaba esihambisanayo. Kumodeli ye-macroscopic homogeneous, i-Bruggeman relation ngokuvamile isetshenziswa, kuthatha i-coefficient ɑ =1.5 ukulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-electrodes anezimbotshana.
I-electrolyte igcwele ama-pores ama-electrodes anezimbotshana, lapho i-lithium ion iqhutshwa khona nge-electrolyte, futhi izici zokuqhuba ze-lithium ion zihlobene eduze ne-porosity. Uma i-porosity ikhudlwana, iphakamisa ingxenye yevolumu yesigaba se-electrolyte, kanye nokusebenza okuphumelelayo kwe-lithium ion. Eshidini le-electrode elihle, ama-electron adluliselwa ngesigaba se-carbon adhesive, ingxenye yevolumu yesigaba sokunamathela kwekhabhoni kanye nokuchezuka kwesigaba sokunamathela kwekhabhoni kunquma ngokuqondile ukuqhutshwa okusebenzayo kwama-electron.
I-porosity kanye nengxenye yevolumu yesigaba se-carbon adhesive iyaphikisana, futhi i-porosity enkulu ngokungagwemeki iholela engxenyeni yevolumu yesigaba se-carbon adhesive, ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezisebenzayo zokuqhuba i-lithium ion nama-electron nazo ziyaphikisana, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Njengoba i-porosity incipha, i-lithium ion conductivity esebenzayo iyehla kuyilapho i-electron conductivity esebenzayo ikhula. Indlela yokulinganisa kokubili nayo ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-electrode.
Umfanekiso 2 Umdwebo weSchematic we-porosity ne-lithium ion kanye ne-electron conductivity
2. Uhlobo kanye nokutholwa kokukhubazeka kwezigxobo
Njengamanje, ohlelweni lokulungiswa kwesigxobo sebhethri, kwamukelwa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokutholwa ku-inthanethi, ukuze kuhlonzwe ngempumelelo amaphutha okukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo, kuqedwe imikhiqizo enesici, kanye nempendulo efika ngesikhathi emgqeni wokukhiqiza, ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo noma okwenziwe ngesandla ekukhiqizeni. inqubo, ukunciphisa izinga elinesici.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubona ku-inthanethi obuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-pole sheet buhlanganisa ukutholwa kwesici se-slurry, ukutholwa kwekhwalithi yeshidi, ukutholwa kobukhulu nokunye, Isibonelo: (1) imitha ye-viscosity eku-inthanethi ifakwa ngokuqondile ethangini lokugcina okokumboza ukuze kutholwe i-rheological. izici ze-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela, Hlola ukuzinza kwe-slurry; (2) Ukusebenzisa i-X-ray noma i-β -ray enqubweni yokumboza, ukunemba kwayo okuphezulu kokulinganisa, Kodwa imisebe emikhulu, intengo ephezulu yezinto zokusebenza kanye nenkinga yokulungisa; (3) Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ukushuba kwe-laser ku-inthanethi busetshenziswa ukukala ukushuba kweshidi lesigxobo, Ukunemba kokulinganisa kungafinyelela ku-± 1. 0 μ m, Kungabonisa futhi umkhuba wokushintsha wokushuba okukaliwe nokujiya ngesikhathi sangempela, Yenza lula ukulandeleka kwedatha kanye nokuhlaziya; (4) Ubuchwepheshe bombono we-CCD, Okusho ukuthi, i-CCD yomugqa isetshenziselwa ukuskena into elinganisiwe, ukucubungula isithombe sesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziywa kwezigaba zamaphutha, Thola ukutholwa kwe-inthanethi okungabhubhisi kwamaphutha e-pole sheet.
Njengethuluzi lokulawula ikhwalithi, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ku-inthanethi bubalulekile futhi ukuze kuqondwe ukuhlobana phakathi kweziphambeko nokusebenza kwebhethri, ukuze kutholwe imibandela efanelekayo / engafanelekile yemikhiqizo ecishe iqedwe.
Engxenyeni yokugcina, indlela entsha yobuchwepheshe bokubona ukukhubazeka kwendawo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ubuchwepheshe be-infrared thermal imaging kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwalezi ziphambeko ezihlukene nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical kwethulwa kafushane.thintana no-D. Mohanty Ucwaningo olunzulu lukaMohanty et al.
(1) Amaphutha avamile endaweni ye-pole sheet
Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa ukukhubazeka okuvamile endaweni ye-electrode yebhethri ye-lithium ion, enesithombe esibonakalayo kwesokunxele kanye nesithombe esithwetshulwe umthwebuli wesithombe oshisayo kwesokudla.
Umfanekiso wesi-3 Amaphutha avamile ebusweni beshidi lezigxobo: (a, b) imvilophu eqhumayo / isamba; (c, d) ukuwisa impahla / imbobo yokukhonkotha; (e, f) insimbi yangaphandle; (g, h) ukunamathela okungalingani
(A, b) iqhubu eliphakanyisiwe / isamba, ukukhubazeka okunjalo kungenzeka uma i-slurry inyakaziswa ngokulinganayo noma isivinini sokumboza singazinzile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-adhesive kanye ne-carbon black conductive agents kuholela kokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezithako ezisebenzayo kanye nesisindo esincane samaphilisi e-polar.
(c, d) drop / pinhole, lezi zindawo ezinesici azinandiwe futhi ngokuvamile zikhiqizwa amabhamuza odaka. Banciphisa inani lezinto ezisebenzayo futhi baveze umqoqi ku-electrolyte, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise umthamo we-electrochemical.
(E, f) imizimba yangaphandle yensimbi, imizimba yangaphandle enodaka noma yensimbi eyethulwe kumathuluzi nendawo ezungezile, kanye nemizimba yangaphandle yensimbi ingabangela ukulimala okukhulu kumabhethri e-lithium. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zensimbi zilimaza ngokuqondile i-diaphragm, okuholela ekujikelezeni okufushane phakathi kwama-electrode amahle kanye nama-electrode, okuwumjikelezo omfushane ongokwenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umzimba wangaphandle wensimbi uxubene ne-electrode eqondile, amandla amahle ayanda ngemva kokushaja, insimbi iyaxazululeka, isakazeka nge-electrolyte, bese ishona endaweni engeyinhle, futhi ekugcineni ibhoboze i-diaphragm, yakhe isifunda esifushane, okuyi-chemical dissolution short circuit. Izindikimba zangaphandle zensimbi ezivame kakhulu endaweni yefekthri yebhethri yi-Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, SUS, njll.
(g, h) i-coat engalingani, njengokuxutshwa kwe-slurry akwanele, ukucoleka kwezinhlayiyana kulula ukuvela imithende lapho izinhlayiya ziyinkulu, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni okungalingani, okuzothinta ukuvumelana komthamo webhethri, futhi ivele ibonakale ngokuphelele. awukho umugqa wokumboza, unomthelela kumthamo nokuphepha.
(2) Ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa kokukhubazeka kwe-Pole chip surface ye-Infrared (IR) kusetshenziselwa ukuthola amaphutha amancane kuma-electrode omile angalimaza ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ngesikhathi sokutholwa ku-inthanethi, uma kutholwa isici se-electrode noma ukungcola, kuphawule eshidini lesigxobo, kususe enqubweni elandelayo, bese uphendulela kulayini wokukhiqiza, futhi ulungise inqubo ngesikhathi ukuze uqede amaphutha. I-infrared ray iwuhlobo lwamagagasi kagesi anemvelo efanayo namaza omsakazo nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Umshini okhethekile we-elekthronikhi usetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukusabalalisa izinga lokushisa kwendawo engaphezulu yento ibe isithombe esibonakalayo seso lomuntu, futhi ukubonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo enemibala ehlukene kubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-infrared thermal imaging. Lesi sisetshenziswa sikagesi sibizwa nge-infrared thermal imager. Zonke izinto ezingaphezu kukaziro ophelele (-273℃) zikhipha imisebe ye-infrared.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 4, i-infrared thermal approximator (Ikhamera ye-IR) isebenzisa umtshina we-infrared kanye nenjongo ye-optical imaging ukuze yamukele iphethini yokusabalalisa amandla emitha ye-infrared yento eqondisiwe elinganisiwe futhi iwubonise endaweni ezwelayo ye-photosensitive yomtshina we-infrared ukuze uthole isithombe esishisayo se-infrared, esihambisana nenkambu yokusabalalisa okushisayo ebusweni bento. Uma kunesici ebusweni bento, izinga lokushisa liyashintsha endaweni. Ngakho-ke, lobu buchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kutholwe amaphutha ebusweni bento, ikakhulukazi efaneleka okuthile okungenakuhlukaniswa ngezindlela zokubona. Lapho i-electrode eyomisayo yebhethri ye-lithium ion itholwa ku-inthanethi, i-electrode electrode iqala ukushiswa yi-flash, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu liyashintsha, bese izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu litholwa ngesithombe esishisayo. Isithombe sokusabalalisa ukushisa sibonwa ngeso lengqondo, futhi isithombe siyacutshungulwa futhi sihlaziywe ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kutholwe amaphutha angaphezulu bese siwamaka ngesikhathi.D. I-Mohanty Ucwaningo lufake isithombe esishisayo endaweni yokuphuma kuhhavini wokomisa i-coater ukuze kutholwe isithombe sokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa kwendawo yeshidi le-electrode.
Umfanekiso 5 (a) imephu yokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa kwendawo enamathelayo yeshidi le-NMC eliphozithivu elitholwe yisithwebuli sesithombe esishisayo, esiqukethe isici esincane kakhulu esingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngeso lenyama. Ijika lokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa elihambisana nesegimenti yomzila liboniswa ku-inset yangaphakathi, nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa endaweni yesici. Emfanekisweni wesi-5 (b), izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka endaweni ebhokisini elihambisanayo, elihambisana nesici sendawo ye-pole sheet. I-FIG. I-6 ingumdwebo wokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu leshidi le-electrode elingalungile elibonisa ukuba khona kokukhubazeka, lapho inani eliphakeme lokushisa lihambisana nebhamuza noma iqoqo, futhi indawo yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ihambisana nembobo yokukhonkotha noma ukwehla.
Umfanekiso 5 Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo yeshidi le-electrode ephozithivu
Umfanekiso 6 Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo ye-electrode eyinegethivu
Kungabonakala ukuthi ukutholwa kwesithombe esishisayo sokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa kuyindlela enhle yokuthola isici se-pole sheet, esingasetshenziselwa ukulawula ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ama-pole sheet.3. Umthelela wokungasebenzi kahle kweshidi leshidi ekusebenzeni kwebhethri
(1) Umthelela kumthamo wokuphindaphinda ibhethri nokusebenza kahle kwe-Coulomb
Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa umthelela wejika le-aggregate kanye nephinikhodi kumthamo wesiphindaphindi sebhethri kanye nokusebenza kahle kwekholamu. I-aggregate ingathuthukisa umthamo webhethri, kodwa yehlise ukusebenza kahle kwe-coulen. Imbobo yokukhonkotha inciphisa umthamo webhethri nokusebenza kahle kwe-Kulun, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-Kulun kuncipha kakhulu ngezinga eliphezulu.
Umdwebo 7 we-cathode aggregate kanye ne-pinhole effect kumthamo webhethri kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesibalo 8 kuwukunamathela okungalingani, futhi umzimba wensimbi wangaphandle u-Co no-Al kumthamo webhethri kanye nomthelela wejika elisebenza kahle, ukunamathela okungalingani kunciphisa umthamo weyunithi yebhethri ngo-10% - 20%, kodwa umthamo webhethri wonke wehle ngo-60%, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isisindo esiphilayo esiqeshini se-polar sehle kakhulu. Umzimba wangaphandle we-Metal Co unciphise umthamo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-Coulomb, ngisho naku-2C no-5C ukukhulisa okuphezulu, akukho mthamo nhlobo, okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokwakheka kwensimbi Co ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical ye-lithium ne-lithium eshumekiwe, noma kungase kube izinhlayiya zensimbi. ivimbe imbobo ye-diaphragm yabangela i-micro short circuit.
Umfanekiso 8 Imiphumela ye-electrode enhle engalingani kanye nemizimba yangaphandle yensimbi i-Co and Al kumthamo wokuphindaphinda amabhethri nokusebenza kahle kwe-coulen
Isifinyezo sokukhubazeka kweshidi le-cathode: I-ates e-cathode sheet coating kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri ye-Coulomb. Iphinikhodi ye-positive coating inciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-Coulomb, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphindaphindayo okungekuhle, ikakhulukazi ekumineni okuphezulu kwamanje. I-heterogeneous coating ibonise ukusebenza kabi kokukhulisa. Izinto ezingcolisa izinhlayiya zensimbi zingase zibangele amasekhethi amafushane amancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho zinganciphisa kakhulu umthamo webhethri.
Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa umthelela womugqa we-foil ovuzayo ongemuhle kumthamo wokuphindaphinda nokusebenza kahle kwe-Kulun kwebhethri. Uma ukuvuza kwenzeka ku-electrode engalungile, umthamo webhethri uyancipha kakhulu, kodwa umthamo wegram awubonakali, futhi umthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-Kulun awubalulekile.
Umfanekiso 9 Umthelela womugqa we-electrode ovuzayo wokuvuza okunegethivu kumthamo wokuphindaphinda amabhethri kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-Kulun (2) Umthelela ekusebenzeni komjikelezo wokuphindaphinda amabhethri Umfanekiso 10 uwumphumela wethonya lokungasebenzi kahle kwendawo ye-electrode kumjikelezo wokuphindaphinda amabhethri. Imiphumela yomthelela ifinyezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-Egregation: ku-2C, izinga lokugcinwa komthamo wemijikelezo engu-200 liyi-70% futhi ibhethri elingasebenzi kahle liyi-12%, kuyilapho kumjikelezo we-5C, izinga lokugcinwa komthamo wemijikelezo engu-200 liyi-50% futhi ibhethri elingalungile liyi-14%.
Imbobo yenaliti: ukuncishiswa komthamo kusobala, kodwa akukho ukuncishiswa kwesici okuhlanganisiwe kuyashesha, futhi izinga lokugcinwa komthamo lemijikelezo engu-200 2C kanye no-5C lingu-47% no-40%, ngokulandelana.
Umzimba wangaphandle wensimbi: umthamo wensimbi Co umzimba wangaphandle cishe u-0 ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa, futhi umthamo womjikelezo we-5C wensimbi yangaphandle yensimbi i-Al foil yehla kakhulu.
Umugqa ovuzayo: Endaweni efanayo yokuvuza, amandla ebhethri emidwa emincane eminingi ehla ngokushesha kunomugqa omkhulu (ama-47% emijikelezweni engama-200 ku-5C) (7% emijikelezweni engama-200 ku-5C). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uma likhulu inani lemigqa, kuba mkhulu umthelela kumjikelezo webhethri.
Umfanekiso 10 Umthelela wokulimala kweshidi le-electrode kumjikelezo wesilinganiso seseli
Ref.: [1] Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kwe-slot-die-coated lithium secondary batteryelectrodes by in-line laser caliper nezindlela ze-IR thermography [J].ANALYTICALMETHODS.2014, 6(3): 674-683.[2]Umthelela zokukhubazeka kokukhiqiza ama-electrode ekusebenzeni kwe-electrochemical ukusebenza kwe-lithium-ion: Ukunakwa kwemithombo yokuhluleka kwebhethri[J].Journal of Power Sources.2016, 312: 70-79.
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