By hoppt
"Imoto yasungulwa eYurophu, futhi ngikholwa ukuthi kumele iguqulwe lapha." - Lawa mazwi avela ku-Maroš Šefčovič, usopolitiki wase-Slovak futhi oyiPhini Likamongameli we-European Commission obhekele i-Energy Union, aveza umuzwa obalulekile endaweni yezimboni zaseYurophu.
Uma amabhethri ase-Europe engathola ubuholi bomhlaba, igama lika-Šefčovič ngokungangabazeki lizoqoshwa emlandweni. Uhole ekwakhiweni kwe-European Battery Alliance (EBA), eqala ukuvuselelwa komkhakha webhethri lamandla waseYurophu.
Ngo-2017, engqungqutheleni eyayiseBrussels mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri, u-Šefčovič uhlongoze ukwakhiwa kwe-EBA, umnyakazo owahlanganisa amandla eqoqo le-EU nokuzimisela.
"Kungani i-2017 yayibalulekile? Kungani ukusungula i-EBA kwakubaluleke kakhulu ku-EU?" Impendulo ilele emshweni wokuqala walesi sihloko: IYurophu ayifuni ukulahlekelwa "imakethe enenzuzo" yezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
Ngo-2017, abahlinzeki bebhethri abakhulu abathathu emhlabeni kwakuyi-BYD, i-Panasonic yase-Japan, ne-CATL evela e-China - zonke izinkampani zase-Asia. Ingcindezi enkulu evela kubakhiqizi base-Asia yashiya i-Europe ibhekene nesimo esinzima embonini yebhethri, kungekho lutho olungazibonakalisa ngokwalo.
Imboni yezimoto, eyazalelwa e-Europe, ibisesimeni lapho ukungasebenzi kwakusho ukuthi imigwaqo yomhlaba ibuswe yizimoto ezingaxhumene ne-Europe.
Le nkinga yayigqame kakhulu lapho kucatshangelwa indima yokuqala yaseYurophu embonini yezimoto. Nokho, isifunda sazithola singemuva kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamabhethri kagesi.
Ubukhulu Besimo Esibucayi
Ngo-2008, lapho umqondo wamandla amasha uqala ukuvela, futhi cishe ngo-2014, lapho izimoto zamandla amasha ziqala "ukuqhuma" kwazo kokuqala, i-Europe yayicishe ingekho ngokuphelele endaweni yesigameko.
Ngo-2015, ukubusa kwezinkampani zaseShayina, zaseJapane, naseKorea emakethe yebhethri yamandla kagesi emhlabeni wonke kwaba sobala. Ngo-2016, lezi zinkampani zase-Asia zathatha izindawo eziyishumi eziphezulu ezilinganisweni zebhizinisi lebhethri lamandla omhlaba.
Kusukela ngo-2022, ngokwenkampani yaseNingizimu Korea yocwaningo lwemakethe i-SNE Research, izinkampani eziyisithupha kweziyishumi eziphezulu zamabhethri kagesi emhlabeni wonke bezivela e-China, ziphethe u-60.4% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke. Amabhizinisi ebhethri lamandla aseNingizimu Korea i-LG New Energy, SK On, kanye ne-Samsung SDI enze u-23.7%, kanti iPanasonic yaseJapan ikleliswe endaweni yesine ku-7.3%.
Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zika-2023, izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu ezifaka amabhethri kagesi emhlabeni wonke zaziphethwe yi-China, Japan, ne-Korea, zingekho izinkampani zase-Europe ezazibonakala. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-90% emakethe yebhethri yamandla emhlabeni wonke yahlukaniswa phakathi kwalawa mazwe amathathu ase-Asia.
I-Europe kwadingeka ivume ukuntenga kwayo ocwaningweni nasekukhiqizeni ibhethri lamandla, indawo eyake yahola.
Ukuwa Kancane Kancane Ngemva
Ukuqamba kanye nempumelelo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium kuvame ukuvela emanyuvesi aseNtshonalanga nasezikhungweni zocwaningo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, amazwe aseNtshonalanga ahola igagasi lokuqala lokucwaninga nokwenza izimboni zezimoto ezintsha zamandla.
I-Europe yaba phakathi kwezokuqala ukuhlola izinqubomgomo zezimoto ezonga amandla kagesi nezikhishwa kancane, yethula amazinga okukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezimotweni ekuqaleni kuka-1998.
Naphezu kokuba ihamba phambili emibonweni emisha yamandla, iYurophu yasilela ekwenziweni kwezimboni zamabhethri kagesi, manje aphethwe yiChina, iJapan, neKorea. Umbuzo uphakama: kungani iYurophu yawa ngemuva embonini yebhethri ye-lithium, naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo zobuchwepheshe kanye nenhloko-dolobha?
Amathuba Alahlekile
Ngaphambi kuka-2007, abakhiqizi bezimoto ezijwayelekile baseNtshonalanga abazange bakuvume ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe nezohwebo kwezimoto zikagesi ze-lithium-ion. Abakhiqizi baseYurophu, abaholwa yiJalimane, bagxile ekwandiseni izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, njengezinjini ezisebenza kahle zikadizili kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushaja i-turbo.
Lokhu kuthembela ngokweqile emzileni wezimoto zikaphethiloli kuholele i-Europe emzileni ongalungile wezobuchwepheshe, okuholele ekungabini kwayo endaweni yebhethri lamandla.
I-Market and Innovation Dynamics
Ngo-2008, lapho uhulumeni wase-US eshintsha isu lakhe elisha lemoto kagesi yamandla isuka ku-hydrogen namaseli kaphethiloli iye kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, i-EU, ithonywe yilo mnyakazo, yaphinde yabona ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizeni izinto zebhethri le-lithium kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli. Nokho, amabhizinisi amaningi anjalo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwe-Bosch yaseJalimane ne-Samsung SDI yaseNingizimu Korea, agcina ehlulekile.
Ngokuphambene, amazwe aseMpumalanga Asia afana neChina, Japan, neKorea ayethuthukisa ngokushesha izimboni zawo zamabhethri kagesi. I-Panasonic, ngokwesibonelo, ibigxile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni zikagesi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, isebenzisana noTesla futhi yaba umdlali omkhulu emakethe.
Izinselelo Zamanje ZaseYurophu
Namuhla, imboni yamabhethri kagesi yaseYurophu ibhekene nezinkinga ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukuntuleka kokutholakala kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Imithetho eqinile yezemvelo yezwekazi iyakwenqabela ukumbiwa kwe-lithium, futhi izinsiza ze-lithium ziyindlala. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Europe ibambezeleka ekutholeni amalungelo okumba phesheya kwezilwandle uma iqhathaniswa nabalingani bayo base-Asia.
Umjaho Wokubamba
Ngaphandle kokubusa kwezinkampani zase-Asia emakethe yamabhethri yomhlaba wonke, i-Europe yenza imizamo ehlangene yokuvuselela imboni yayo yamabhethri. I-European Battery Alliance (EBA) yasungulwa ukuze ithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, futhi i-EU isebenzise imithethonqubo emisha ukuze isekele abakhiqizi basekhaya bamabhethri.
Traditional Automakers in the Fray
Izikhondlakhondla zezimoto zaseYurophu ezifana neVolkswagen, BMW, kanye neMercedes-Benz zitshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekukhiqizeni amabhethri, zisungula ezazo izitshalo zokukhiqiza amaseli namasu ebhethri.
Umgwaqo Omude Phambili
Ngaphandle kwenqubekelaphambili, umkhakha webhethri lamandla waseYurophu usenendlela ende okufanele uyihambe. Imboni idinga abasebenzi abaningi futhi idinga imali enkulu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe. Izindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi base-Europe kanye nokuntuleka kochungechunge oluphelele lokuhlinzeka ngempahla kubangela izinselele ezinkulu.
Ngokuphambene, amazwe ase-Asia akhe inzuzo yokuncintisana ekukhiqizeni ibhethri lamandla, azuza ekutshalweni kwezimali kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion kanye nezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi.
Isiphetho
Isifiso se-Europe sokuvuselela imboni yayo yebhethri yamandla sibhekene nezingqinamba ezibalulekile. Nakuba kunezinhlelo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhona, ukwephula ukubusa "kwabathathu abakhulu" - i-China, i-Japan, ne-Korea - emakethe yomhlaba wonke kuseyinselele enkulu.
phendula kungakapheli amahora angu-6, noma yimiphi imibuzo wamukelekile!
