I-XR inamahemuhemu okuthi i-Apple yakha idivayisi ye-XR egqokekayo noma efakwe isibonisi se-OLED.

Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, i-Apple kulindeleke ukuthi ikhulule idivayisi yayo yokuqala egqokekayo ye-augmented reality (AR) noma i-virtual reality (VR) ngo-2022 noma ngo-2023. Abahlinzeki abaningi bangase babe e-Taiwan, njenge-TSMC, Largan, Yecheng, ne-Pegatron. I-Apple ingase isebenzise isitshalo sayo sokuhlola e-Taiwan ukuze idizayine le-microdisplay. Imboni ilindele ukuthi izimo zokusebenzisa ezikhangayo ze-Apple zizoholela ekususweni kwemakethe engokoqobo enwetshiwe (XR). Isimemezelo sedivayisi ye-Apple nemibiko ehlobene nobuchwepheshe be-XR yedivayisi (i-AR, VR, noma i-MR) ayikaqinisekiswa. Kodwa i-Apple yengeze izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR ku-iPhone ne-iPad futhi yethula inkundla ye-ARKit yabathuthukisi ukuze bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR. Ngokuzayo, i-Apple ingase ithuthukise idivayisi ye-XR egqokekayo, ikhiqize ukusebenzisana ne-iPhone ne-iPad, futhi kancane kancane yandise i-AR isuka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zentengiso iye kweyabathengi.

Ngokusho kwezindaba zaseKorea, i-Apple yamemezela ngoNovemba 18 ukuthi ithuthukisa idivayisi ye-XR ehlanganisa "i-OLED display." I-OLED (i-OLED ku-Silicon, i-OLED ku-Silicon) isibonisi esisebenzisa i-OLED ngemva kokudala amaphikseli namashayeli ku-silicon wafer substrate. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor, ukushayela okunembe kakhulu kungenziwa, kufakwe amaphikseli engeziwe. Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwesibonisi ngamakhulu amaphikseli iyintshi ngayinye (PPI). Ngokuphambene, i-OLEDoS ingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zamaphikseli iyintshi ngayinye ye-PPI. Njengoba amadivaysi e-XR ebukeka eduze kweso, kufanele asekele ukulungiswa okuphezulu. I-Apple ilungiselela ukufaka isibonisi se-OLED enesinqumo esiphezulu esine-PPI ephezulu.

Isithombe somqondo sehedisethi ye-Apple (umthombo wesithombe: I-inthanethi)

I-Apple futhi ihlela ukusebenzisa izinzwa ze-TOF kumadivayisi ayo e-XR. I-TOF iyinzwa ekwazi ukukala ibanga nokuma kwento elinganisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela okungokoqobo okungokoqobo (VR) kanye nokungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona (AR).

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-Apple isebenza ne-Sony, LG Display, kanye ne-LG Innotek ukukhuthaza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa uyaqhubeka; kunokuba nje ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, amathuba okuthengisa kwawo aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokusho kweBloomberg News, i-Apple ihlela ukwethula amadivaysi e-XR engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka ozayo.

AbakwaSamsung futhi bagxile kumadivayisi esizukulwane esilandelayo se-XR. AbakwaSamsung Electronics batshale imali ekwakheni amalensi e-"DigiLens" ezingilazi ezihlakaniphile. Nakuba ingazange idalule inani lemali etshaliwe, kulindeleke ukuthi ibe umkhiqizo wohlobo lwezibuko onesikrini esifakwe ilensi eyingqayizivele. I-Samsung Electro-Mechanics nayo ibambe iqhaza ekutshalweni kwezimali kwe-DigiLens.

Izinselelo u-Apple abhekene nazo ekukhiqizeni amadivaysi e-XR agqokekayo.

Amadivayisi agqokekayo e-AR noma e-VR ahlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu zokusebenza: isibonisi nesethulo, indlela yezinzwa, nokubala.

Idizayini yokubukeka yemishini egqokekayo kufanele icabangele izindaba ezihlobene njengokunethezeka nokwamukeleka, njengesisindo nosayizi wedivayisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-XR eziseduze nomhlaba we-virtual ngokuvamile zidinga amandla ekhompuyutha engeziwe ukuze zikhiqize izinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho ukusebenza kwazo okuyinhloko kwekhompuyutha kufanele kube phezulu, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchithwa kokushisa kanye namabhethri e-XR angaphakathi nawo akhawulela ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe. Le mikhawulo iyasebenza nakumadivayisi e-AR aseduze nomhlaba wangempela. Impilo yebhethri ye-XR ye-Microsoft HoloLens 2 (566g) amahora angu-2-3 kuphela. Ukuxhumanisa izinto ezigqokekayo (ukusebenzisa ifoni njengemodemu) ezinsizeni zekhompuyutha zangaphandle (njengama-smartphones noma amakhompyutha omuntu siqu) noma imithombo yamandla ingasetshenziswa njengesixazululo, kodwa lokhu kuzokhawulela ukuhamba kwezinto ezigqokekayo.

Ngokuphathelene nendlela yokuzwa, lapho iningi lamadivayisi e-VR enza ukusebenzisana kwekhompuyutha yomuntu, ukunemba kwawo ikakhulukazi kuncike kusilawuli esisezandleni zabo, ikakhulukazi kumageyimu, lapho umsebenzi wokulandelela ukunyakaza uncike kudivayisi yokulinganisa inertial (IMU). Amadivayisi e-AR asebenzisa ukuxhumana kwamahhala komsebenzisi, okufana nokubonwa kwezwi okungokwemvelo nokulawula ukuzwa ngokuthinta. Amadivayisi asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-Microsoft HoloLens aze ahlinzeke ngombono womshini kanye nemisebenzi yokuzwa ukujula kwe-3D, okuyizindawo futhi iMicrosoft esebenze kahle kuzo kusukela i-Xbox yethula i-Kinect.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi e-AR agqokekayo, kungase kube lula ukudala izixhumanisi zomsebenzisi nokubonisa izethulo kumadivayisi e-VR ngoba asikho isidingo sokucabangela umhlaba wangaphandle noma umthelela wokukhanya okuzungezile. Isilawuli esiphathwa ngesandla singase futhi sifinyeleleke kalula ekuthuthukisweni kunesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu lapho singenalutho. Izilawuli eziphathwa ngesandla zingasebenzisa i-IMU, kodwa isilawuli senzwa yokuthinta kanye nokuzwa ukujula kwe-3D kuncike kubuchwepheshe obuphambili be-optical kanye nama-algorithms okubona, okungukuthi, ukubona komshini.

Idivayisi ye-VR idinga ukuvikelwa ukuze ivimbele indawo yomhlaba wangempela ukuthi ingathinti isibonisi. Izibonisi ze-VR zingaba izibonisi zekristalu ye-LTPS TFT, izibonisi ze-LTPS AMOLED ezinezindleko eziphansi nabahlinzeki abaningi, noma izibonisi ezisafufusa ze-silicon-based OLED (micro OLED). Kubiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa isibonisi esisodwa (samehlo akwesokunxele nakwesokudla), esikhulu njengesikrini sokubonisa umakhalekhukhwini kusuka kumayintshi angu-5 ukuya kwangu-6 amayintshi. Nokho, idizayini ye-dual-monitor (amehlo ahlukaniswe kwesokunxele nakwesokudla) inikeza ukulungiswa okungcono kwebanga le-interpupillary (IPD) kanye ne-engeli yokubuka (FOV).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi abasebenzisi baqhubeka nokubuka izithombe ezinyakazayo ezikhiqizwe ngekhompuyutha, ukubambezeleka okuphansi (izithombe ezibushelelezi, ukuvimbela ukufiphala) nokucaca okuphezulu (ukuqeda umphumela womnyango wesikrini) kuyizikhombisi-ndlela zokuthuthukiswa kwezibonisi. I-Display Optics yedivayisi ye-VR iyinto ephakathi phakathi kombukiso namehlo omsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, ukujiya (isici somumo wedivayisi) kuncishisiwe futhi kuhle kakhulu kumiklamo yokubona efana ne-Fresnel lens. Umphumela wokubonisa ungaba inselele.

Ngokuqondene nezibonisi ze-AR, eziningi zazo ziyi-microdisplays esekwe ku-silicon. Ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa buhlanganisa i-liquid crystal ku-silicon (LCOS), i-digital light processing (DLP) noma i-digital mirror device (DMD), i-Laser beam scanning (LBS), i-silicon-based micro OLED, kanye ne-silicon-based micro-LED (micro-LED ivuliwe i-silicon). Ukuze umelane nokuphazamiseka kokukhanya okuzungezile okunamandla, isibonisi se-AR kufanele sibe nokukhanya okuphezulu okungaphezu kuka-10Knits (uma kucatshangelwa ukulahlekelwa ngemva kwe-waveguide, i-100Knits ifaneleka kakhulu). Nakuba kuwukuphuma kokukhanya okwenziwayo, i-LCOS, i-DLP ne-LBS ingakhuphula ukukhanya ngokuthuthukisa umthombo wokukhanya (njenge-laser).

Ngakho-ke, abantu bangakhetha ukusebenzisa ama-LED amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-OLED amancane. Kodwa mayelana nokufaka imibala nokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe be-micro-LED abuvuthwa njengobuchwepheshe be-OLED encane. Ingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WOLED (RGB color color for white light) ukwenza ama-OLED amancane akhipha ukukhanya e-RGB. Kodwa-ke, ayikho indlela eqondile yokukhiqiza ama-micro LEDs. Izinhlelo ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kombala kwe-Plessey's Quantum Dot (QD) (ngokubambisana ne-Nanoco), i-Ostendo's Quantum Photon Imager (QPI) eklanywe isitaki se-RGB, kanye ne-JBD's X-cube (inhlanganisela yama-chips amathathu e-RGB).

Uma amadivayisi we-Apple asekelwe endleleni ye-video see-through (VST), i-Apple ingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncane be-OLED obuvuthiwe. Uma idivayisi ye-Apple isekelwe endleleni yokubona okuqondile (i-optical see-through, OST), Ngeke igweme ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokukhanya kwe-ambient, futhi ukukhanya kwe-OLED encane kungase kukhawulwe. Amadivayisi amaningi e-AR abhekene nenkinga efanayo yokuphazamiseka, okungaba kungani iMicrosoft HoloLens 2 ikhethe i-LBS esikhundleni se-OLED encane.

Izingxenye ezibonayo (ezifana ne-waveguide noma i-Fresnel lens) ezidingekayo ukuze udizayine i-microdisplay aziqondile kakhulu kunokudala i-microdisplay. Uma isekelwe endleleni ye-VST, i-Apple ingasebenzisa i-optical design (inhlanganisela) yesitayela se-pancake ukuze izuze izinhlobonhlobo ze-micro-display kanye namadivayisi abonakalayo. Ngokusekelwe endleleni ye-OST, ungakhetha i-waveguide noma idizayini ebonakalayo yokugeza izinyoni. Inzuzo ye-waveguide optical design ukuthi ifomu layo lincane futhi lincane. Kodwa-ke, i-waveguide optics inokusebenza okubuthakathaka kokujikeleza kwe-optical kuma-microdisplays futhi ihambisana nezinye izinkinga ezifana nokuhlanekezela, ukufana, ikhwalithi yombala, nokugqama. I-diffractive optical element (DOE), i-holographic optical element (HOE), kanye ne-reflective optical element (ROE) izindlela eziyinhloko zomklamo obonakalayo we-waveguide. I-Apple ithole i-Akonia Holographics ngo-2018 ukuze ithole ubuchwepheshe bayo be-optical.